Список литературы
Abbink, J. G. (2002). Ethnic trajectories in Israel. Anthropos, 97, 3-19.
Abdel-Khalek, A. M. (1988). Egyptian results on the Standard Progressive Matrices. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 193–195.
Abdel-Khalek, A. М., and Lynn, R. (2005). Sex differences on a standardisation of the Standard Progressive Matrices in Kuwait. Personality and Individual Differences (to appear).
Abell, S. C., Wood, W., and Leibman, S. J. (2001). Children’s human figure drawings as measures of intelligence: the comparative validity of three scoring systems. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 19, 204–215.
Abul-Hubb, D. (1972). Application of Progressive Matrices in Iraq. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Adcock, C. J., McCleary, J. R., Ritchie, J. E., and Somerset, H. C. (1954). An analysis of Maori scores on the Wechsler-Bellvue. Australian Journal of Psychology, 6, 16–29.
Afzal, M. (1988). Consequences of consanguinity on cognitive behavior. Behavior Genetics, 18, 583–594.
Agrawal, N., Sinha, S. N., and Jensen, A. R. (1984). Effects of inbreeding on Raven matrices. Behavior Genetics, 14, 579–585.
Ahmed, R. A. (1989). The development of number, space, quantity and reasoning
concepts in Sudanese schoolchildren. In L. L. Adler (Ed.). Cross Cultural Research in Human Development. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Albalde Paz, E., and Munoz, C. J. (1993). El test PMS de Raven у los escolares de Galicia. Universidade da Coruna: Servicio de Publicaciones.
Alexander, R. D. (1989). Evolution of the human psyche. In P. Mellors and C. Stringer (Eds.). The Human Revolution. Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Press.
Al-HeetiK., Ganem, A., Al-Kubaldl, A., and Al-Nood, Y. (1997). Standardization of Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices Scale on primary school children ages 6-11 in Yemen schools. Indian Psychological Review, 48, 49–56.
Allik, J., and Realo, A. (2004). Individualism collectivism and social capital. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 35, 29–49.
Alvi, S. A., Khan, S. B., Vegeris, S. L., and Ansari, Z. A. (1986). A cross-cultural study of psychological differentiation. International Journal of Psychology, 21, 659–670.
Alzobaie, A. J. (1964). The Cattell Culture-Free Test as tried on Iraqi students. Journal of Educational Research, 57, 476–479.
Amir, Y. (1975). Perceptive articulation in three Middle Eastern cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 6, 333–344.
Anderson, B. (1993). Evidence from the rat for a general factor that underlies cognitive performance and that relates to brain size: intelligence. Neuroscience Letters, 153, 98102.
Ankney, C. D. (1992). Sex differences in relative brain size: the mismeasure of intelligence in women, too? Intelligence, 16, 329–336.
A. P. E. (1960). Australia. Encyclopedia Britannica. Chicago: Benton.
Ardila, A., Pineda, D., and Rosselli, M. (2000). Correlation between intelligence test scores and executive function measures. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 15, 31–36.
Arthur, G. (1941). An experience in testing Indian school children. Mental Hygiene, 25, 188–195.
Ausubel, D. P. (1961) Maori Youth. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Avenant, Т. J. (1988). The Establishment of an Individual Intelligence Scale for Adult South Africans. Report No. P-91. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.
Avolio, B. J., and Waldman, D. A. (1994). Variations in cognitive, perceptual and
psychomotor abilities across the working life span: examining the effects of race, sex, experience, education and occupational type. Psychology and Aging, 9, 430–442.
Baare, W. R C., Pol, H. E. H., Boosma, D. L, Postuma, D., and Geus, E. J. C. (2001). Quantitative genetic modelling of variation in human brain morphology. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 816–824.
Backman, М. E. (1972). Patterns of mental abilities: ethnic, socioeconomic and sex differences. American Educational Research Journal, 9, 1-12.
Bada, J. L., Schroeder, R. A., and Cater, G. F. (1974). New evidence for the antiquity of man in North America deduced from aspartic and recemization. Science, 184, 791–793.
Badri, М. B. (1965a). The use of finger drawing in measuring the Goodenough quotient of culturally deprived Sudanese children. Journal of Psychology, 59, 333–334.
Badri, М. B. (1965b). Influence of modernization on Goodenough quotients of Sudenese children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 20, 931–932.
Bagley, C., Iwawaki, S., and Young, L. (1983). Japanese children: group-oriented but not field dependent? In C. Bagley and G. K. Verma (Eds.). Multicultural Childhood, Education, Ethnicity and Cognitive Styles. Aldershot, UK: Gower.
Baker, D. B., and Jones, D. P. (1993). Creating gender equality: cross-national gender stratification and mathematical performance. Sociology of Education, 66, 91-103.
Baker, J. R. (1974). Race. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Barnabus, I. P., Kapur, М., and Rao, S. (1995). Norm development and reliability of Coloured Progressive Matrices Test. Journal of Personality and Clinical Studies, 11, 17–22.
Bart,W., Kamal, A., and Lane, J. F. (1987). The development of propor-tional reasoning in Qatar. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 148,95-103.
Beals, K. L., Smith, C. L., and Dodd, S. M. (1984). Brain size, cranial morphology, climate and time machines. Current Anthropology. 25, 301–330.
Beaton, A. E., Mullis, I. V. S., Martin, М. O., Gonzales, E. J., Kelly, D. L., and Smith, T. A. (1996). Mathematics Achievement in the Middle School Years. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, TIMSS International Study Center.
Beaton, A. E., Martin, М. O., Mullis, I. V. S., Gonzales, E. J., Smith, T. A., and Kelly, D. L., (1996). Science Achievement in the Middle School Years. Chestnut Hill, MA: Boston College, TIMSS International Study Center.
Beaumont, P. B., De Villiers, H., and Vogel, J. C. (1978). Modern man in sub-Saharan Africa prior to 49,000 years B. P.: A review and evaluation with particular reference to border cave. South African Journal of Science, 74, 409–419.
Beck, L. R., and St. George, R. (1983). The alleged cultural bias of PAT: reading comprehension and reading vocabulary tests. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 18, 32–47.
Beiser, M. and Gotowiec, A. (2000). Accounting for native/non-native differences in IQ scores. Psychology in the Schools, 37, 237–252.
Benton, D., and Cook, R. (1991). Vitamin and mineral supplements improve intelligence scores and concentration of six year old children. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1151–1158.
Benton, D., and Roberts, G. (1988). Effect of vitamin and mineral supplementation on intelligence in a sample of school children. The Lancet, 1, 140–143.
Веге, M. (1924). A comparative study of the mental capacity of children of foreign parentage. Columbia University Contributions to Education, no. 154.
Berlioz, L. (1955). Etude des progressive matrices faite sur les Africains de Douala. Bulletin du Centre Etude Recherce Psychotechnique, 4, 33–44.
Berry, J. W. (1966). Temne and Eskimo perceptual skills. International Journal of Psychology, 1, 207–229.
Berry, J. W. (1971). Ecological and cultural factors in spatial perceptual development. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 3, 324–336.
Bhatnagar, J. (1970). Immigrants at School. London: Cornmarket.
Bhogle, S., and Prakash, I. J. (1992). Performance of Indian children on the Colored Progressive Matrices. Psychological Studies, 37, 178–181.
Biesheuvel, S. (1949). Psychological tests and their application to non-European peoples. In G. B. Jeffrey (Ed.). Yearbook of Education. New York: Evans.
Binford, L. R. (1980). Yellow smoke and dogs’ tails: hunter gatherer settlement systems and archeological site formation. American Antiquity, 45, 4-20.
Binford, L. R. (1985). Human ancestors: changing views of their behavior. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 4, 292–327.
Binnie-Dawson, J. L. (1984). Bio-social and endocrine bases of spatial ability.
Psychologia, 27, 129–151.
Biraben, J. N. (1980). An essay concerning mankind’s evolution. Population, 4,1-13.
Black Peoples. (1978). Cause for Concern: West Indian Pupils in Redbridge. Ilford: Black Peoples Progressive Association.
Blatchford, P., Burke, J., Farquhar, C., Plewis, L, and Tizard, B. (1985). Educational achievement in the infant school: the influence of ethnic origin, gender and home on entry skills. Educational Research, 27, 52–60.
Bleakley, J. W. (1961). The Aborigines of Australia. Brisbane: Jacaranda Press.
Bleichrodt, N., and Bom, M. P. (1994). A meta-analysis of research on iodine and its relationship to cognitive development. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York: Cognizant Communication Corp.
Bleichrodt, N., Drenth, P. J. D., and Querido, A. (1980). Effects of iron deficiency on motor and psychomotor abilities. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 53, 55–67.
Bleichrodt, N., Garcia, I., Rubio, C., Morreale, D. E., and De Escobar, M. (1987). Developmental disorders with severe iodine deficiency. In B. S. Hetzel, J. T. Dunn and J. B. Stanbury (Eds.). The Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Blumenbach, J. F. (1776). De generis humani uarietate nativa liber. Goettingen: Vandenhoek.
Blumenschine, R. J. (1989). Man the scavenger. Archaeology. July, 26–32.
Bodmer, W. F. and Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (1976). Genetics, Evolution and Man. San Francisco: Freeman.
Bohannon, A. D., Fillenbaum, G. G., and Pieper, C. F. (2002). Relationship of гасе/ ethnicity and blood pressure to change in cognitive function. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50, 424–429.
Boissiere, М., Knight, J. B. and Sabot, R. H. (1985). Earnings, schooling, ability and cognitive skills. American Economic Review, 75, 1016–1030.
Boivin, M. J. and Giordani. B. (1993). Improvements in cognitive performance for school children in Zaire following an iron supplement and treatment for intestinal parasites. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 249–264.
Boivin, M. J., Giordani, B., and Bomfeld, B. (1995). Use of the tactual performance test for cognitive ability testing with African children. Neuropsychology, 9, 409–417.
Boivin, M. J., Giordani, B., Crist, C. L., and Chounramany, C. (1996). Validating a cognitive ability testing protocol with Lao children for community development applications. Neuropsychology, 11, 588-599
Borkowski, J. G. and Krause, A. (1983). Racial differences in intelli-gence: the importance of the executive system. Intelligence, 7, 379–395.
Bouchard, T. J. (1993). The genetic architecture of human intelligence. In P. A. Vernon (Ed.). Biological Approaches to the Study of Human Intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Bouchard, T. J. (1998). Genetic and environmental influences on adult intelligence and special mental abilities. Human Biology, 70, 257–279.
Bourdier, G. (1964). Utilisation et nouvel etalonnage du P. M. 47. Bulletin de Psychologies 235, 39–41.
Bowd, A. D. (1973). A cross-cultural study of the factorial composition of mechanical aptitude. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 5, 13–23.
Bowdler, S. and Ryan, L. (1987). Southeast Tasmania. In: D. J. Mulvaney and J. P. White (Eds.). Australians to 1788. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax, Syme and Weldon.
Boyd, W. (1950). Genetics and the Races of Man. Boston: Little, Brown.
Brace, C. L. and Hinton, R. J. (1981). Oceanic tooth size variation as a reflection of biological and cultural mixing. Current Anthropology, 22, 549–569.
Brace, C. L. (1999). An anthropological perspective on «race» and intelligence: the non-clinal nature of human cognitive capabilities. Journal of Anthropological Research, 55, 245–264.
Bradshaw, J. L. (1997). Human Evolution: A Neuropsychological Perspective. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Brandon, P. R., Newton, B. J., and Hammond, O. W. (1987). Children’s mathematics achievement in Hawaii: differences favoring girls. American Educational Research Journal, 24, 437–461.
Brandt, T. (1978). Growth dynamics of low birth weight infants with emphasis on the perinatal period. In: Human Growth, vol. 2. F. Falkner and J. M. Tanner (Eds.), pp 557–617. New York: Plenum Press.
Broca, P. (1861). Sur le volume et la forme du cerveau suivant les individus et suivant les races. Bulletin Societe de Anthropologie Paris, 2, 139–207, 301–321,441-446.
Brody, N. (1992). Intelligence. San Diego, GA: Academic.
Brody, N. (2000). Comment. In: Novaris Foundation Symposium. The Nature of Intelligence. New York: Wiley.
Brody, N. (2003). Jensen’s genetic interpretation of racial differences in intelligence: critical evaluation. In H. Nyborg (Ed.). The Scientific Study of General Intelligence. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Broer, M. (1996). Rasch-homogene Leistungstests (3DW, WMT). im Kulturvergleich Chile-Osterreich: Erstellung einer spanischen Version ein-er Testbatterie und deren interkulturellen Validierung in Chile [13]. Unpublished M. Sc. thesis, University of Vienna.
Broman, S. H., Nichols, P. L., and Kennedy, W. A. (1975). Preschool IQ. New York: J. Wiley.
Broman, S. H., Nichols, P. L., Shaughnessy, P., and Kennedy, W. (1987). Retardation in Young Children. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Brown, R.T., Reynolds, C. R., and Whitaker, J. S. (1999). Bias in mental testing since Bias in Mental Testing. School Psychology Quarterly, 14, 208-238
Browne, D. B. (1984). WISC-R scoring patterns among Native Americans of the northern plains. White Cloud Journal, 3, 3-16.
Bruce, D. W, Hengeveld, М., and Radford, W. C. (1971). Some Cognitive Skills in Aboriginal Children in Victorian Primary Schools. Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research.
Bruner, F. G. (1908). The hearing of primitive peoples. Archives of Psychology, no. 11.
Buj, V. (1981). Average IQ values in various European countries. Personality and Individual Differences, 2, 168–169.
Bunn, H. T, and Stanford, С. B. (2001). Conclusions. In С. B. Stanford and H. T. Bunn (Eds.). Meat Eating and Human Evolution. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Burg, B., and Belmont, I. (1990). Mental abilities of children from different cultural backgrounds. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 21, 90-108.
Butterworth, B. (1999). The Mathematical Brain. London: Macmillan.
Byrne, R. W. (2002). The primate origins of human intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg and J. K. Kaufman (Eds.) The Evolution of Intelligence. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cairns, J., Overbaugh, J. and Miller, S. (1988). The Origin of Mutants. Nature, 335, 142–145.
Callan, V. J. (1986). Australian Minority Groups. Sydney: Harcourt Brace Javanovich.
Carr, A. (1993). Twenty years a growing: a research note on gains in the intelligence test scores of Irish children over two decades. Irish Journal of Psychology, 14, 576–582.
Carroll, J. B. (1993). Human Cognitive Abilities. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cashdan, E. (2001). Ethnic diversity and its environmental determinants: effects of climate, pathogens, and habitat diversity. American Anthropologist, 103, 968–992.
Cattell, R. B. (1951). The fate of national intelligence — test of a thirteen year prediction. Eugenics Review, 17, 136–148.
Cattell, R. B. (1971). Abilities: Their Structure, Growth and Action. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L. (2000). Genes, Peoples and Languages. New York: North Point.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., and Bodmer, W. (1971). The Genetics of Human Populations. San Francisco: Freeman.
Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Menozzi, P., and Piazza, A. (1994). The History and Geography of Human Genes. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Cazden, С. B., and John, V. P. (1971). Learning in American Indian children. In M. L. Wax, S. Diamond, and F. O. Gearing (Eds.). Anthropological Perspectives on Education. New York: Basic Books.
Ceci, S. J. (1991). How much does schooling influence general intelligence and its
cognitive components? A reassessment of the evidence. Developmental Psychology, 27, 703–722.
Chagnon, N. A. (1983). Yanomamo: The Fierce People. New York: Holt, Rinehart &C Winston.
Chaim, H. H. (1994). Is the Raven Progressive Matrices Valid for Malaysians? Unpublished.
Chakraborty, R., Kamboh, M. L, Nwankwo, М., and Ferrell, R. E. (1992). Caucasian genes in American blacks: new data. American Journal of Human Genetics, 50, 145–155.
Chambers, С. M. and Grantham-McGregor, S. M. (1986). Research note: pattems of mental development among middle class Jamaican children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 27, 117–123.
Chan, J., Eysenck, H. J., and Lynn, R. (1991). Reaction time and intelligence among Hong Kong children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 427–433.
Chan, J. and Lynn, R. (1989). The intelligence of six year olds in Hong Kong. Journal of Biosocial Science, 21, 461–464.
Chan, J. and Vernon, P. E. (1988). Individual differences among the peoples of China. In Irvine, S. H. and Berry, J. W. Human Abilities in Cultural Context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Chandra, S. (1975). Some patterns of response on the Queensland Test. Australian Psychologist, 10, 185–191.
Chavaz, A., Matrinez, B., and Soberanes, B. (1995). Effect of malnutrition on infant development. In N. S. Scrimshaw (Ed.). Longitudinal Community Based Studies of the Impact of Early Malnutrition on Child Health and Development. Boston, MA: INFDC.
Chen, C., Lee, S., and Stevenson, H. W. (1996). Long term prediction of academic achievement of American, Chinese and Japanese adolescents. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98, 750–759.
Cheung, P. (2003). Congo’s Pygmies accuse rebels and army of cannibalism; demand U.
N. genocide tribunal. Associated Press, May 22, 2003.
Chisholm, J. S. (1989). Biology, culture and the development of temperament — a Navajo example. In J. K. Nugent, B. L. Lester, and T. B. Brazelton (Eds) The Cultural Context of Infancy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Chopra, S. L. (1966). Family size and sibling position as related to measured intelligence and academic achievement. Journal of Social Psychology, 70 133–137.
Chorley, M. J., Chorley, K., Seese, N., Owen, M. J., Daniels, J., McGuffln, P., Thompson, L. A., Detterman, D. K., Benbow, C., Lubinski, D., Eley, Т., and Plomin, R. (1998). A quantitative trait locus associated with cognitive ability in children. Psychological Science, 9, 159–166.
Chovioto, L., Aghini-Lombardi, R, and Vitti, P. (1994). The impact of iodine deficiency on neurological and cognitive development: the European experience. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Claassen, N. C. W. (1990). The comparability of General Scholastic Aptitude Test scores across different populations groups. South African Journal of Psychology, 20, 80–92.
Clark, E. A., and Hanisee, J. (1982). Intellectual and adaptive performance of Asian children in adoptive American settings. Developmental Psychology, 18, 595–599.
Clay, М. M. (1971). The Polynesian language skills of Maori and Samo-an school entrants. International Journal of Psychology, 6, 135–145.
Codd, J. A. (1972). Cultural factors in the cognitive development of Maori children. Delta, 11,26–36.
Codwell, J. E. (1947). A study of the kind and amount of change in motor function as the amount of Negro blood increases or decreases in the Negro-white hybrid. Ph. D. thesis, University of Michigan.
Cohen, M. N. (2002). An anthropologist looks at race and IQ testing. In J. M. Fish (Ed.). Race and Intelligence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cole, S. (1965). Races of Man. London: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
Coleman, J. S. (1966). Equality of Educational Opportunity. Washington, D.C.: U. S.
Office of Education.
Colom, R., Garcia, L. R, Juan-Espinoza, М., and Abad, R (2002). Null differences in general intelligence: evidence from the WAIS-R. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 5, 29–35.
Colom, R., Juan-Espinosa, М., Abad, R, and Garcia, L. R (2000). Negligible sex differences in general intelligence. Intelligence, 28, 57–68.
Colom, R., and Lynn, R. (2004). Testing the developmental theory of sex differences in intelligence on 12–18 year olds. Personality and Individual Differences, 2004, 36, 75–82.
Coombs, L. M. (1958). The Indian Child Goes to School. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Coon, C. S., Gam, S. М., and Birdsell, J. B. (1950). Races. Springfield, 111: Thomas.
Coon, C. S. (1962). The Origin of Races. New York, Knopf.
Coren, S. (1994). The Intelligence of Dogs: Canine Consciousness and Capability. New York: Free Press.
Costenbader, V., and Ngari, S. M. (2000). A Kenya standardisation of the Coloured Progressive Matrices. School Psychology International, 22, 258–268.
Cottereau-Reiss, P., and Lehalle, H. (1998). Comparaison des performances d’enfants Kanak et d’enfants francais dans une situation de jugements de morphismes: structuration spatiale et moulin a vent. Archives de Psychologies 66, 3-21.
Counter, S. A., Buchanan, L. H., Rosas, H. D., and Ortega, F. (1998). Neurocognitive effects of chronic lead intoxication in Andean children. Journal of Neurological Sciences, 160, 47–53.
Court, J. H. (1983). Sex differences in performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices: a review. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 29, 54–74.
Сох, М. V., Perara, J., and Fan, X. U. (1998). Children’s drawing ability in the UK and China. Psychologia, 41, 171–182.
Сох, М. V., Koyasu, М., Hranamu, H., and Perara,]. (2001). Children’s human figure drawings in the UK and Japan: the effects of age, sex and culture. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 19, 275–292.
Craig,]. D. (1974). A Study of the Education and Abilities of Young Australian Male Adults. Australian Department of Labor Research Report. Canberra: Government Printing Service.
Cra vioto, J. (1966). Malnutrition and behavioural development in the pre-school child. In National Academy of Sciences. Pre-school Child Malnutrition. Washington, D.C.
Cravioto, J., Birch, Н. G., Licardie, Е., Resales, L., and Vega, L. (1969). Ecology of growth and development in a Mexican pre-industrial community. Report 1: Method and findings from birth to one month of age. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, vol. 35, no. 129.
Crawfurd, J. (1863). On the antiquity of man, from the evidence of language. Transactions of the Ethnographic Society of London, 1, 170–181.
Cropley, A. J., and Cardey, R. M. (1975). Contact with the dominant culture and
cognitive competence in Canadian Indians and whites. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 7, 328–238.
Cundick, B.P., Gottfredson, D.K., and Willson, L. (1974) Changes in scholastic achievement and intelligence of Indian children enrolled in a foster placement program. Developmental Psychology, 10, 815–820.
Curr, E. M. (1887). The Australian Race. Melbourne: Government Printer.
Cutler, R. G. (1976). Evolution of longevity in primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 5, 169–202.
Dague, P., Garelli, М., and Lebettre, A. (1964). Recherches sur l'echelle de maturite mentale de Colombia. Revue de Psychologie Applique, 14, 71–96.
Daley, Т. C., Whaley, S. E., Sigman, M. D., Espinosa, M. P., and Neuman, C. (2003). IQ on the rise: the Flynn effect in rural Kenyan children. Pychological Science, 14, 215–219.
Dan, L., Yu, J., Vandenberg, S. G., Yuemei, Z., and Caihong, T. (1990). Report on Shanghai norms of the Chinese translation of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised. Psychological Reports, 67, 531–541.
Dasen, P. R., de Lacey, P. R., and Seagrim, G. N. (1973). Reasoning ability in adopted and fostered Aboriginal children. In G. E. Kearney, P. R. de Lacey, and G. R. Davidson (1973). The Psychology of Aboriginal Australians. New York: Wiley.
Davidson, G. R. (1974). Linguistic determinants of choice reaction time among
Aborigines and white Australians. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 5,199–210.
Davies, М., and Hughes, A. G. (1927). An investigation into the comparative intelligence and attainments of Jewish and non-Jewish school children. British Journal of Psychology, 18, 134–146.
Dawkins, A., and Snyder, R. (1977). Disadvantaged junior high school students compared with norms of the Seashore tests. Journal of Research on Music Education, 20, 438–444.
Dawkins, R. (1988). The Blind Watchmaker. London, UK: Penguin.
Dawkins, R., and Krebs, J. R. (1979). Arms races within and between races. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 205B, 489–511.
Darwin, C. (1868). The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication. London: Murray.
Dawson, I., Colder, R. Y, and Jonas, E. G. (1982). Birthweight by ges-tational age and its effect on perinatal mortality in white and in Pun-jabi births. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 89, 896–899.
Dayi, E., Okuyan, М., and Tan, U. (2002). Predictability of hand skill and cognitive abilities from craniofacial width in right and left-handed men and women: relation of skeletal structure to cerebral function. International journal of Neuroscience, 112, 383–412.
Deary, I. J. (2000). Looking Down on Human Intelligence. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
De Jong, M. J. (1988). Ethnic origin and educational careers in Holland Netherlands Journal of Sociology, 24, 65–75.
De Jong, M. J., and van Batenburg, T. A. (1984). Etnische heromst, intelligentic en schoolkeuzeadvies. Pedagogische Studien, 61, 362–371.
De Lacey, P. R. (1971a). Classificatory ability and verbal intelligence among high-contact aboriginal children and low socio-economic status white Australian children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 3, 393–396.
De Lacey, P. R. (1971b). Verbal intelligence, operational thinking and environment in part — Aboriginal children. International Journal of Psychology, 23, 145–149.
De Lacey, P. R. (1972). A relationship between classificatory ability and verbal intelligence. International Journal of Psychology, 1, 243–246.
De Lacey, P. R. (1976). Lifeways and cognitive performance in Australia and the United States. In G. E. Kearney and D. W. McElwain (Eds.). Aboriginal Cognition. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.
De Lemos, М. M. (1969). The development of the concept of conservation in Aboriginal children. International Journal of Psychology, 4, 255–269.
De Lemos, М. M. (1979). Aboriginal Students in Victoria. ACER Research Monograph No. 3. Melbourne: ACER.
De Lemos, М. M. (1989). Standard Progressive Matrices: Australian Manual Camberwell, Vic.: Australian Council for Educational Research.
De Maeyer, E., and Adiels-Tegman, M. (1985). The prevalence of anaemia in the world. World Health Statistical Bulletin, 38, 302–316.
Dennis, W. (1957). Performance of Near Eastern children on the Draw-a-Man test. Child Development, 28, 427–430.
Dennis, W., and Najarian, P. (1963). Development under environmental handicap. In W. Dennis (Ed.). Readings in Child Psychology. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Dent, G. R. (1937). An investigation into the applicability of certain perforomance and other mental tests to Zulu children. In E. G. Malherbe (Ed.). Report of New Education Conference. Cape Town, p. 456.
De Silva, H. A., and Gunatilake, S. B. (2002). Mini Mental State examination in
Sinhalese: a sensitive test to screen for dementia in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 134–139.
Diamond, J. (1997) Guns, Germs and Steel. New York; Random House.
Dickenson, L., Hobbs, A., Kleinberg, S. М., and Martin, P. J. (1975). The Immigrant School Leaver. Windsor, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research.
Dillehay, T. D., and Collins, М. B. (1988). Early cultural evidence from Monte Verde in Chile. Nature, 332, 150–152.
Dixon, E. J. (1999). Bones, Boats and Bison. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press.
Dobbing, J., and Smart, J. L. (1974). Vulnerability of developing brain and behaviour. British Medical Bulletin, 30, 164–168.
Dodge, P. R., Palkes, H., Fierro-Benitez, R., and Ramirez, I. (1969). Effect on intelligence of iodine in oil administration to young adult Andean children. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). Endemic Goitre. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization.
Dolan, С. V, and Hamaker, E. (2001). Investigating black-white differences in psychometric IQ: multi-group factor analysis and a critique of the method of correlated vectors. In F. Columbus (Ed). Advances in Psychological Research, vol. 6, Huntington: Nova Science.
Domstreich, M. D. (1973). Food habits of early man and the balance between hunting and gathering. Science, 179, 306.
Drennan, M. R. (1937). A Short Course on Physical Anthropology. Cape Town: Mercantile-Atlas.
Driessen, G. W. (1997). Islamic primary schools in The Netherlands: the pupil’s
achievement levels, behavior and attitudes and their parents’ cultural backgrounds. Netherlands[14] Journal of Social Sciences, 33, 42–75.
Drinkwater, B. A. (1976). Visual memory skills of medium contact Aboriginal children. Australian Journal of Psychology, 28, 37–44.
Du Bois, W. E. B. (1939). Black Folk: Then and Now. New York: Henry Holt.
Du Chateau, P. (1967). Ten point gap in Maori aptitudes. National Education, 49, 157–158.
Dunbar, R. I. (1992). Neocortex size as a constraint on group size in primates. Journal of Human Evolution, 20, 469^493.
Dunn, J. T. (1994). Societal implications of iodine deficiency and the value of its prevention. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Dunn, L. М. (1988). Bilingual Hispanic Children on the U. S. Mainland. Honolulu: Dunn Educational Services.
Dunbrow, E. H., Schaefer, B. A., and Jimerson, S. (2002). Diverging a paths in rural Caribbean children. School Psychology International, 155–168.
Dyck, M. J. (1996). Cognitive assessment in a multicultural society: comment on Davidson. Australian Psychologist, 31, 66–69.
Edwards, L. D. (1970). Malnutrition and disease in pre-school Aboriginal children in the Walgett area of N. S. W. Medical Journal of Australia, 2, 1007–1010.
Edwards, L. D., and Craddock, L. J. (1973). Malnutrition and intellectual de velopment. Medical journal of Australia, 5 May, 880–884.
Eells, W. C. (1933). Mental ability of the native races of Alaska. Journal of Applied Psychology, 17,417–438.
Elkin, A. P. (1964). The Australian Aborgines. Sydney: Angus and Robertson.
El-Mneizel, A. F. (1987). Development and psychometric analysis of a Jordanian adaptation of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Alabama.
Evans, E. М., Schweingruber, H., and Stevenson, H. W. (2002). Gender differences in interest and knowledge acquisition: the United States, Taiwan, and Japan. Sex Roles, 47, 153–167.
Eyferth, K. (1961). Leistungen verschiedener Gruppen von Besatzungskindem im
Hamburg Wechsler Intelligenz Test fur Kinder. Archive fur die Gesamte Psychologie, 113, 222–241.
Eysenck, H. J. (1971). Race, Intelligence and Education. London: Temple Smith.
Eysenck, H. J. (1981). Intelligence: The Battle for the Mind. London: Pan. Eysenck, H. J. (1995). Genius. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Eysenck, H. J. (1998). Intelligence: A New Look. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Eysenck, H. J., and Schoenthaler, S. J. (1997). Raising IQ with vitamins and minerals. In R. J. Sternberg and E. Grigorenko (Eds.). Intelligence, Heredity and Environment. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fahmy, M. (1964). Initial exploring of the intelligence of Shilluk children. Vita Humana, 1, 164–177.
Fahrmeier, E. D. (1975). The effect of school attendance on intellectual development in Northern Nigeria. Child Development, 46, 281–285.
Falconer, D. S. (1960). Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. London: Longman.
Farron, O. (1966). The test performance of coloured children. Educational Research, 8, 42–57.
Fatouros, M. (1972). The influence of maturation and education on the development of abilities. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J. Drenth (Eds). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Faverge, J. М., and Falmagne, J. C. (1962). On the interpretation of data in intercultural psychology. Psychologia Africana, 9, 22–96.
Feldman, D. H. (1971). Map understanding as a possible crystallizer of cogni tive structures. American Educational Research Journal, 8,485–500.
Fergusson, D. М., Lloyd, М., and Horwood, L. J. (1991). Family ethnicity, social background and scholastic achievement — an eleven year longitudinal study. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 26, 49–62.
Fergusson, D. М., and Horwood, L. J. (1997). Sex differences in educational achievement in a New Zealand birth cohort. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 32, 83–95.
Fernandez, M. (2001). A study of the intelligence of children in Brazil. Mankind Quarterly, 42, 17–21.
Femandez-Ballesteros, R., Juan-Espinoza, М., Colom, R., and Calero, M. D. (1997). Contextual and personal sources of individual differences in intelligence. In J. S. Carlson (Ed.). Advances in Cognition and Educational Practice. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Pick, М. L. (1929). Intelligence test results of poor white, native (Zulu), coloured and Indian school children and the social and educational implications. South African Journal of Science, 26, 904–920.
Fierro-Benitez, R. (1994). Impact of iodine deficiency on development in the Andean world. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York: Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Fierro-Benitez, R., Cazar, R., and Sandoval, H. (1989). Early correction of iodine
deficiency and late effects on psychomotor capabilities and migration. In De Long, G. R., Robbins, J., and Condliffe, P. G. (Eds.). Iodine and the Brain. New York: Plenum.
Fierro-Benitez, R., Ramirez, L, Estrella, E., and Stanbury, J. B. (1972). Effect of iodine correction in early fetal life on intelligence quotient. In J. B. Stanbury and R. L. Kroc, R. L. (1972). Human Development and the Thyroid Gland: Relation to Endemic Cretinism. New York: Plenum.
Fierro-Benitez, R., Ramirez, I., Estrella, E., and Stanbury, J. B. (1974). Effect of iodine in intellectual development in an area of endemic goitre. In J. R. Dunn and G. A. Medeiros-Neto (Eds.). Endemic Goiter and Cretinism: Continuing Threats to World Health. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization.
Fish, J. M. (ed.) (2002). Race and Intelligence. Mahvvah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Flaherty, M. (1997). The validity of tests of visuo-spatial skills in cross-cultural studies. Irish Journal of Psychology, IS, 439–412.
Flaherty, М., and Connolly, M. (1996). Visual memory skills in Japanese and Caucasians. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 82, 1319–1329.
Flaughter, R. L. (1971). Project Access research report no. 2. Princeton, NJ: Educational Testing Service.
Flores, М. B., and Evans, G. T. (1972). Some differences in cognitive abilities between selected Canadian and Filipino students. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 7, 175–191.
Flynn, J. R. (1980). Race, IQ and Jensen. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
Flynn, J. R. (1984). The mean IQ of Americans: massive gains 1932 to 1978. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 29–51.
Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: what IQ tests really measure. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 171–191.
Flynn, J. R. (1991). Asian Americans: Achievement Beyond IQ. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Flynn, J. R. (1998). WAIS-111 and WISC–III IQ gains in the United States from 1992 to 1995: how to compensate for obsolete norms. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86, 1231–1239.
Foley, R. (1987). Another Unique Species. New York: Wiley.
Fowler, H. L. (1940). Psychological tests on natives in the north west of Western Australia. Australian Journal of Science, 2, 124–127.
Fox, E., Sitompul, A., and Van Schaik, C. P. (1999). Intelligent tool use in wild Sumatran orangutans. In S. T. Parker, H. L. Miles, and R. W. Mitchell (Eds.). The Mentality of Gorillas and Orangutans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Fraser, A. (1995). The Gypsies. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
Freedman, L., Blumer, W. E, and Lofgren, M. (1991). Endocranial capacity of Western Australian Aboriginal crania: comparisons and association with stature and latitude. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 84, 399–405.
Frydman, М., and Lynn, R. (1989). The intelligence of Korean children adopted in Belgium. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 1323–1326.
Gaddes, W. H., McKenzie, A., and Baensley, R. (1968). Psychometric intelligence and spatial imagery in two northwest Indian and two white groups of children. Journal of Social Psychology, 75, 35–42.
Caller, J. R., Ramsey, R, and Forde, V. (1986). A follow-up study of the influence of early malnutrition on subsequent development. Nutrition and Behavior, 3, 211–222.
Caller, J. R., Ramsey, R, Solimano, G., Lowell, W. E. and Mason, E. (1983). Influence of early malnutrition on subsequent behavioural development. Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry, 22, 8-15.
Galton, R (1869). Hereditary Genius. London: Macmillan.
Galton, R (1888). Head growth in students at the University of Cambridge. Nature, 38, 14–15.
Garrett, H. E. (1945). Facts and interpretations regarding race differences. Science, 102, 404–406.
Garrett, H. E. (1961). The equalitarian dogma. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine, 4, 480–484.
Garth, T. R. (1931). Racial Psychology. New York: Macmillan.
Garth, T. R., and Smith, O. D. (1937). The performance of full-blood Indians on language and non-language intelligence tests. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 32, 376–381.
Geary, D. C., Hamson, С. O., Chen, G-R, Liu, R, Hoard, М. K., and Salthouse, T. A.
Computational and reasoning abilities in arithmetic: cross-generational change in China and the United States. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4, 425–430.
Geary, D. C., Liu, R, Chen, G-R, Salts, S. J., and Hoard, М. K. (1999). Contributions of computational fluency to cross-national differences in arithmetical reasoning abilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91, 716–719.
Geelhoed, G. W., and Downing, D. (1994). Goiter and cretinism in the Uele Zaire endemia. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York:
Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Geist. V. (1978). Life Strategies, Human Evolution and Environmental Design. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Georgas, J. G., and Georgas, C. (1972). A children’s intelligence test for Greece. In
L. J. Cronbach and P. J. D. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Georgas, J., Weiss, L. G., van der Vijver, R J., and Saklofske, D. H. (2003). A cross-cultural analysis of the WISC–III. In J. Georgas, L. G. Weiss, R van der Vijver and D. H. Saklofske (Eds.). Culture and Children’s Intelligence. Amsterdam: Academic Press.
Gill. P.. and Byrt, E. (1973). The Standardization of Ravens Progressive A Matrices and the Mill Hill Vocabulary Scale for Irish School Children Aged 6-12 Years. University College, Cork: MA Thesis.
Ginsburg, H. P., Choi, E., Lopez, L. S., Netley, R., and Chao-Yuan, C. (19975 Happy birthday to you: early mathematical thinking of Asian, South American and U. S. children. In T. Nunes and P. Bryant (Eds.). Learning and Teaching Mathematics: An International Perspective. Hove, UK Psychology Press.
Giordani, B., Boivin, M. J., Opel, B., Nseyila, D. N., and Lauer, R. E. (1996). Use of the K-ABC with children in Zaire. International Journal of Disability, Development and Education, 43, 5-24.
Glewwe, P., and Jaccoby, H. (1992). Estimating the Determinants of Cognitive Achievement in Low Income Countries. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Globerson, T. (1983). Mental capacity and cognitive functioning: developmental and social class differences. Developmental Psychology, 19, 225–230.
Goa, Y., Qian, M. and Wang, D. (1998). Changes in intelligence over 10 years (in Chinese). Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6, 185–186.
Gobineau, A. de (1853). essai sur Tinegalite des races humaines. Paris: Didot.
Godman, A. (1964). The attainments and abilities of Hong Kong primary IVpupils: a first study. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Goodall, J. (1986). The Chimpanzees of Gombe: Patterns of Behavior. Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
Goodenough, F. L. (1926a). The Measurement of Intelligence by Drawings. New York: World Books.
Goodenough, F. L. (1926b). Racial differences in the intelligence of school children. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 9, 388–397.
Goodenough, F. L., and Harris, D. B. (1950). Studies in the psychology of children’s drawings: 11, 1928-49. Psychological Bulletin, 27, 396–433.
Goosens, G. (1952а). Etalonnage du Matrix 1947 de J. C. Raven. Revue Beige de Psychologie et de Pedagogie, 14, 74–80.
Goosens, G. (1952b) Une application du test d’intelligence de R.B
Gordon, E. E. (1980). Developmental music aptitudes among inner city primary children.
Bulletin Council for Research in Music Education, 63, 25–30.
Gott, B. (2002). Fire making in Tasmania: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence.
Current Anthropology, 43, 650–655.
Gottfredson, L. S. (1997). Editorial: Mainstream science on intelligence. Intelligence, 24, 13–24.
Gottfredson, L. S. (2005). What if the hereditarian hypothesis is true? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 311–319.
Gould, R. A. (1969). Subsistence behaviour among the Western Desert Aborigines of Australia. Oceania, 39, 253–274.
Gould, S. J. (1978). Morton’s ranking of races by cranial capacity. Science, 200, 503–509. Gould, S. J. (1981; 1996). The Mismeasure of Man. New York, Norton. Grantham-McGregor, S, М., and Hawke, W. A. (1971). Developmental assessment of Jamaican infants. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 13, 582–589. Grantham-McGregor, S. М., Powell, C., Walker, S. P., and Himes, J. H. (1991).
Nutritional supplementation, psychosocial stimulation and the mental development of stunted children: the Jamaica study. The Lancet, 338, 1–5.
Grantham-McGregor, S. М., Powell, C., Walker, S. P., Chang, S., and Fletcher, P. (1994). The long-term follow-up of severely malnourished children who participated in an intervention program. Child Development, 65, 428–439.
Grantham-McGregor, S. М., Walker, S. P., and Powell, C. (1994). Methodological approaches used in Kingston, Jamaica, to determine the effect of nutrition and stimulation on child development. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York: Cognizant Communication.
Graves, J. L. (2002). An anthropologist looks at race and IQ testing. In J. M. Fish (Ed.).
Race and Intelligence. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Greenfield, P. M. (1998). The cultural evolution of IQ. In U. Neisser (Ed.). The Rising Curve: Long Term Gains in IQ and Related Matters. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Grieve, K. W, and Viljoen, S. (2000). An exploratory study of the use of the Austin maze in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 30, 14–18.
Grigorenko, E. L., and Sternberg, R. J. (2001). Analytical, creative and practical
intelligence as predictors of self-reported adaptive functioning: a case study in Russia. Intelligence, 29, 57–73.
Grine, R E., and Kay, R. R (1988). Early hominid diets from quantitative image analysis of dental microwear. Nature, 333, 765–768.
Groves, C. P. (1991). Genes, genitals and genius: the evolutionary ecology of race. In P. O’Higgins (Ed.). Human Biology: An Integrative Science. Perth, Australia: Center for Human Biology.
Guenole, N., Englert, P., and Taylor, P. J. (2003). Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability test scores within a New Zealand applicant sample. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, 32, 49–54.
Guidon, N., and Delibrias, G. (1986). Carbon-14 dates point to man in the Americas 32,000 years ago. Nature, 321, 769.
Gupta, G. C., and Gupta, S. (1966). Norms for Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. Manus, 13, 87–89.
Gupta, S. (1991). Effects of time of day and personality on intelligence test scores.
Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1227–1231.
Gustafsson, J. E. (1984). A unifying model of the structure of mental abilities. Intelligence, 8, 179–203.
Guthke, J., and Al-Zoubi, А. (1987). Kulturspezifische Differenzen in den Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM) und in einer Lemtestvariante der CPM. Psychologie in Erziehung und Unterricht, 34, 306–311.
Hadidjaja, P., Bonang, E., Suyardi, A., Abidin, A. N., Ismid, I. S., and Margono, S. S. (1998). The effect of intervention methods on nutritional status and cognitive function of primary school children infected with ascaris lumbri-coides. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 59, 791–795.
Halpem, D. (2000). Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities. Mahwah, N. J.: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Halsey, A. H. (1972). Educational Priority. Volume 1. London: HMSO.
Hamers, J. H. М., Hessels, M. G. P., and Pennings, A. H. (1996). Learning potential of ethnic minority children. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 12, 183–192.
Hammer, М. E, Redd, A. J., and Wood, E. T. (2000). Jewish and Middle Eastern non-Jewish populations share a common pool of Y-chromosome biallelic haplotypes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 97, 6769–6774.
Hanushek, E. A., and Kimko, D. D. (2000). Schooling, labor force quality, and the growth of nations. American Economic Review, 90, 1184–1208.
Harker, R. K. (1978). Achievement and ethnicity: environmental deprivation or cultural difference. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 13, 107–124.
Harris, S. A. (1977). Milingimbi Aboriginal Learning Contexts. Ph.D. dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Hart, J. A. (1965). A study of Cognitive Capacity of a Group of Australian Aboriginal Children. M. A. thesis, University of Queensland.
Harvey, P. H., and Glutton-Brock, Т. H. (1985). Life history variation in primates. Evolution, 39, 559–581.
Haught, B. F. (1934). Mental growth of the southwest Indians. Journal of Applied Psychology, 18,419–433.
Havighurst, R. J., and Hilkevitch, R. R. (1944). The intelligence of Indian children measured by a performance scale. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 39,419–433.
Hayden, B. (1981). Subsistence of Modem Hunter Gathers. In R. O. S. Harding and G. Telela (Eds.). Omnivorous Primates. New York: Columbia Univ. Press.
Heim, A. W. (1968). AH4 Group Test of General Intelligence Manual. Slough,UK:
National Foundation for Educational Research.
Helms-Lorenz, М., Van de Vijver, F. J. R., and Poortinger, Y. P. (2003). Cross-cultural differences in cognitive performance and Spearman’s hypothesis. Intelligence, 31, 9-29.
Henneberg, M. (1983). Trends in cranial capacity and cranial index in sub-Saharan Africa during the Holocene. American Journal of Human Biology, 5, 473–479.
Henneberg, M. (1984). Comment on Beals Dodd and Smith. Current Anthropology, 25, 321–322.
Henneberg, М., Budnik, A., Pazacka, М., and Puch, A. E. (1985). Head size, body size and intelligence: introspecific correlations in Homo sapiens. Homo, 36, 207–218.
Herrnstein, R. J., and Murray, C. (1994). The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life. New York: Free Press.
Hertzig, М., Birch, H. G., Richardson, S. A., and Tizard, J. (1972). Intellectual levels of school children malnourished during the first two years of life. Pediatrics, 49, 814–824.
Hetzel, B. S. (1994). Historical development of the concepts of brain-thyroid relationships. In J. B. Stanbury (Ed.). The Damaged Brain of Iodine Deficiency. New York:
Cognizant Communication Corporation.
Heyneman, S. P., and Jamison, D. T. (1980). Student learning in Uganda. Comparative Education Review, 24, 207–220.
Hirszfeld, L., and Hirszfeld, H. (1919). Essai d’application des methods au probleme des races. Anthropologies 29, 505–537.
Ho, H. — Z., Baker, L. A., and Decker, S. N. 1988. Covariation between intelligence and speed of cognitive processing: genetic and environmental influences. Behavior Genetics, 18, 247–261.
Но, К. — С, Roessmann, U., Straumfjord, J. V., and Monroe, G. (1980). Analysis of brain weight: 1 & 11. Adult brain weight in relation to sex, race and age. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 104, 635–639; 640–645.
Holding, P. A., Taylor, H. G., Kazungu, S. D., and Mkala, T. (2004). Assessing cognitive outcomes in a rural African population: development of a neuro-psychological battery in Kilifi district, Kenya. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10, 246260.
Horn, J. L. (1991). Measurement of intellectual capabilities: a review of theory. In K. S. McGrew, J. K. Werder, and R. W. Woodcock (Eds.). Woodcock-Johnson Technical Manual. Chicago: Riverside.
Houghton, V. (1966). Intelligence testing of West Indian and English children. Race, 8, 147–156.
Howell, R. J., Evans, L., and Downing, L. N. (1958). A comparison of test scores from the 16–17 year age group of Navajo Indians with standardisation norms from the WAIS. Journal of Social Psychology, 47, 355–359.
Hsu, С. — C. (1971). Chinese children’s responses to Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 70, 579–593.
Hsu, С. — C., See, R., and Lin, C–C. (1973). Assessment of learning potential of Chinese children with Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 72, 658–670.
Hsu, С. — C. (1976). The learning potential of first graders in Taipei city as measured by Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices. Acta Pediatrica Sinica, 17, 262–274.
Humphreys, L. G. (1988). Trends in level of academic achievement of blacks and other minorities. Intelligence, 12, 231–260.
Hunkin, V. (1950). Validation of the Goodenough Draw-a-Man test for African children. Journal for Social Research, 1, 52–63.
Hunter, B., and Schwab, R. G. (1998). The determinants of indigenous educational outcomes. Canberra: Australian National University,
Hunter, J. E., and Hunter, R. F. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative predictors of job performance. Psychological Bulletin, 96, 72–98.
Hunter, W. S., and Sommermier, E. (1922). The relation of the degree of Indian blood to score on the Otis Intelligence Test. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2, 257–275.
ILEA. (1967). The Education of Immigrant Pupils in Primary Schools. London: Inner London Education Authority.
Isaac, G. (1978). The food sharing behavior of protohuman hominoids. Scientific American. 238, 90-109.
Ishikuma, T, Moon, S., and Kaufman, A. S. (1988). Sequential-simultaneous analysis of Japanese children’s performance on the Japanese McCarthy scales. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 66, 355–362.
Jahoda, G. (1970). Supernatural beliefs and changing cognitive structures among Ghanaian university students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 1,115–130.
Jaworowska, A., and Szustrowa, T. (1991). Podrecznik Do Testu Matryc Ravena. Warsaw: Pracownia Testow Psychologicznych.
Jencks, C, (1972). Inequality. London: Penguin.
Jencks, G,and Phillips,M. (1998). The Black-WhiteTest Score Gap. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution.
Jensen, A. R. (1969). How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement? Harvard Educational Review, 39, 1-123.
Jensen, A. R. (1972). Genetics and Education. London: Methuen.
Jensen, A. R. (1973). Educability and Group Differences. London: Methuen.
Jensen, A. R. (1974). How biased are culture-loaded tests? Genetic Psychology Monographs, 90, 185–244.
Jensen, A. R. (1977). Cumulative deficit in IQ of blacks in the rural south. Developmental Psychology, 13, 184–191.
Jensen, A. R. (1980). Bias in Mental Testing. London: Methuen.
Jensen, A. R. (1981). Obstacles, problems and pitfalls in differential psychology. In:
S. Scarr (Ed). Race, Social Class and Individual Differences in IQ. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Jensen, A. R. (1982). Reaction time and psychometric g. In H. J. Eysenck (Ed.). A Model for Intelligence. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Jensen, A. R. (1993). Spearman’s hypothesis tested with chronometric information-processing tasks. Intelligence, 17, 47–77.
Jensen, A. R. (1998). The g Factor. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Jensen, A. R., and Figueroa, R. A. (1975). Forward and backward digit span interaction with race and IQ: predictions from Jensen’s theory. Journal of Educational Psychology, 67, 882–893.
Jensen, A. R., and Inouye, A. R. (1980). Level I and Level II abilities in Asian, white and black children. Intelligence. 4, 41–49.
Jensen, A. R., and Reynolds, C. R. (1982). Race, social class and ability patterns on the WISC-R. Personality and Individual Differences, 3, 423–438.
Jensen, A. R., and Rohwer, W. D. (1970). An experimental analysis of learning abilities in culturally disadvantaged children. Washington, D.C.: Office of Economic Opportunity.
Jensen, A. R., Saccuzzo, D. P., and Larson, G. E. (1988). Equating the standard and advanced forms of the Progressive Matrices. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 48, 1091–1095.
Jensen, A. R., and Whang, P. A. (1993). Reaction times and intelligence: a comparison of Chinese and Anglo-American children. Journal of Biosocul Science, 25, 397–411.
Jensen, A. R., and Whang, P. A. (1994). Speed of accessing arithmetic facts in long term memory: a comparison of Chinese-American and Anglo-American children. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 19, 1-12.
Jerison, H. (1973). Evolution of the Brain and Intelligence. New York, Academic Press.
Jerison, H. (2000). The evolution of intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.). Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jinabhai, С. C., Taylor, М., Rangongo, N. J., Mkhize, S., Anderson, S., Pillay, B. J., and Sullivan, K. R. (2004). Investigating the mental abilities of rural primary school children in South Africa. Ethnicity and Health, 9, 17–36.
Johnson, D. L., Johnson, C. A., and Price-Williams, D. (1967). The Draw-a-Man test and Raven Progressive Matrices performance of Guatemalan boys and Ladino children. Revista Interamericana de Psicologial,M3-51.
Johnson, G. B. (1948). Musical talent and the Negro. Musical Supervisors Journal, 15, 81–96.
Jordheim, G. D., and Olsen, I. A. (1963). The use of a non-verbal test of intelligence in the trust territory of the Pacific. American Anthropologist, 65, 1122–1125.
Joseph, A., and Murray, V. F. (1951) Chamorros and Carolinians of Saipan. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Jurgens, H. W., Aune, I. A., and Pieper, U. (1990). International Data on Anthropometry. Geneva, Switzerland: International Labor Office.
Kabo, V. (1985). The origins of the food-producing economy. Current Anthropology, 26, 601–616.
Kagitcibasi, C. (1972). Application of the D-48 test in Turkey. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J.
Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Kaniel, S., and Fisherman, S. (1991). Level of performance and distribution of errors in the Progressive Matrices test: a comparison of Ethiopian immigrant and native Israeli adolescents. International Journal of Psychology, 26, 25–33.
Kaplan, G. J., Fleshman, J. K., Bender, T. R., and Clark, P. S. (1973). Long term effects of otitis media: a ten-year cohort study of Alaskan Eskimo children. Pediatrics, 52, 577–585.
Kaszycka, K. A., and Strkalj, G. (2002). Anthropologist’s attitudes towards the concept of race: the Polish sample. Current Anthropology, 43, 329–335.
Kaszycka, К. A., and Strzalko, J. (2003). Race — still an issue for physical anthropology? Results of Polish studies seen in the light of the U. S. findings. American Anthropologist, 105, 114–122.
Kaufman, A. S., and Doppelt, J. E. (1976). Analysis of WISC-R standardization data in terms of the stratification variables. Child Development, 47, 165–171.
Kaufman, A. S., and Kaufman, N. L. (1983). KABC Interpretive Manual. Circle-Pines: MN: American Guidance Service.
Kaufman, A. S., and Lichtenberger, E. (2002). Assessing Adolescent and Adult Intelligence. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Kaufman, A. S., McLean, J. E., Ishikuma,T., and Moon, S. B. (1989). Integration of literature on the intelligence of Japanese children and analysis of the data from a sequential-simultaneous perspective. School Psychology International, 10, 173–183.
Kaufman, A.S., and Wang, J. J. (1992). Gender, race and educational differences on the K-BIT at ages 4-90. Journal of PsychCoeducational Assessment, 10, 219–229.
Kaufman, J. C, McLean, J. E., Kaufman, A. S., and Kaufman, N. L. (1994). White-black and white-Hispanic differences on fluid and crystallized abilities by age across the 11 to 94 year range. Psychological Reports, 75, 1279–1288.
Kearins, J. M. (1981). Visual spatial memory in Australian Aboriginal children of desert regions. Cognitive Psychology, 3, 434–460.
Keith, A. (1922). The dawn of national life. In J. A. Hammerton (Ed.). Peoples of All Nations. London: Amalgamated Press.
Kelly, M. (1977). Papua New Guinea and Piaget — an eight-year study. In P. R. Dasen (Ed). Piagetian Psychology. New York: Gardner Press.
Kendall, I. M. (1976). The predictive validity of a possible alternative to the Classification Test Battery. Psychologia Africana, 16, 131–146.
Kendall, I. M. (1977). Some observations concerning reasoning styles of black South African workers: perceptual versus conceptual considerations. Psychologia Africana, 17, 1-29.
Kennedy, W. A., and Lindner, R. S. (1964). A normative study of the Goodenough Drawa-Man Test on Southeastern Negro elementary school children. Child Development, 35, 33–62.
Kennedy, W. A., Van der Reit, V, and White, J. C. (1963). A normative study of intelligence and achievement of Negro schoolchildren in the south-eastern United States. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 28, no. 6.
Kimura, D. (2002). Sex hormones influence human cognitive pattern Neuroendocrinology Letters, Special Issue Supplement 4, vol. 23.
Klaatsch, H. (1908). The skull of the Australian aboriginal. Reports of the Pathology Laboratory Lunacy Department NSW, 1, 43-167.
Kleinfeld, J. (1971). Visual memory in village Eskimo and urban Caucasian children. Arctic, 24, 132–138.
Klekamp,J.,Reidel, A., Harper, C, and Kretschmann, H. J. (1 987). Mor-phometric study of the postnatal growth of the visual cortex of Austra-lian aborigines and Caucasians. Journal of Brain Research, 35, 541–548.
Kline, C. L., and Lee, N. (1972). A transcultural study of dyslexia: analysis of language disabilities in Chinese children simultaneously learning to read and write in English and in Chinese. Journal of Social Education, 6, 9-26.
Klingelhofer, E. L. (1967). Performance of Tanzanian secondary school pupils on the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices test. Journal of Social Psychology, 72, 205–215.
Knapp, P. A., and Seagrim, G. N. (1981). Visual memory in Australian Aboriginal children and children of European descent. International Journal of Psychology, 16, 213–231.
Kohler, W. (1927). The Mentality of Apes. New York: Vintage.
Kozulin, A. (1998). Profiles of immigrant students’ cognitive performance on Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 87, 1311–1314.
Kramer, R. A., Allen, L., and Gergen, P. J. (1995). Health and social characteristics and children’s cognitive functioning: results from a national cohort. American Journal of Public Health, 85, 312–318.
Krantz, G. S. (1980). Climatic Races and Descent Groups. North Quincy, Mass: Christopher.
Kuhnen, U., Roeder, В. H. U., Ahah, A. A., Upmeyer, B. S. A., and Zakaria, S. (2001). Cross-cultural variations in identifying embedded figures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 365–371.
Kunce, J., Rankin, L. S., and Clement, E. (1967). Maze performance and personal, social and economic adjustment of Alaskan natives. Journal of Social Psychology, 73, 37–45.
Kurth, von E. (1969). Erhohung der Leistungsnormen bei den farbigen progressiven Matrizen. Zeitschrift fiir Psychologic, 177, 85–90.
Kuttner, R. E. (1962). Prehistoric technology and human evolution. Mankind Quarterly, 3, 71–87.
Kyostio, О. K. (1972). Divergence among school beginners caused by different cultural influences. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Lai, T. J., Guo, Y. L., Guo, N. W., and Hsu, С. C. (2001). Effects of prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls on cognitive development in children: a longitudinal study in Taiwan. British Journal of Psychiatry, 178, 49–52.
Lancer, I., and Rim, Y. (1984). Intelligence, family size and sibling age spacing.
Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 151–157.
Landes, D. S. (1998). The «Wealth and Poverty of Nations: Why Some Are So Rich and Some So Poor. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
Landman, J. (1988). Appendix to the Manual of the junior South African Individual Scales. Pretoria: Human Sciences Research Council.
Laosa, L. М., Swartz, J. D., and Diaz-Guerrero, R. (1974). Perceptual-cognitive and personality development of Mexican and Anglo-American children as measured by human figure drawings. Developmental Psychology, 10, 131–139.
Laroche, J. L. (1959). Effets de repetition du Matrix 38 sur les resultats d’enfants Katangais. Bulletin du Centre d'Etudes et Recherches Psychotechniques, 1, 85–99.
Laros, J. A., and Telegren, P. J. (1991). Construction and Validation of the Son-R NonVerbal Test of Intelligence. Groningen: Wolters-Noordhoff.
Lathan, М. C. (1974). Protein-calorie malnutrition in children and its relation to psychological development and behavior. Physiological Reviews, 54, 541–565.
Latouche, G. L., and Dormeau, G. (1956). La foration professionelle rapide en Afrique Equatoriale Framaise. Brazzaville: Centre d’Etudes des Problems du Travail.
Lee, R. B. (1968). What hunters do for a living. In Man the Hunter. In R. B. Lee and I. Devore (Eds.), Chicago, Aldine Press.
Lenski, R., and Mittler, J. E. (1993). The directed mutation controversy and neo-Darwinism. Science, 259, 188–194.
Lesser, G. S., Fifer, G., and Clark, D. H. (1965). Mental abilities of children from different social-class and cultural groups. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 30, no.4.
Levin, M. (1994). Comments on the Minnesota Transracial Adoption study. Intelligence, 19, 13–20.
Levin, M. (1997). Why Race Matters. Westport, CT: Praeger. Levinson, В. M. (1957). The intelligence of applicants for admission to Jewish day schools. Jewish Social Studies, 19, 129–140.
Lewis, B. (1990) Race and Slavery in the Middle East. New York: Oxford University Press.
Li, D., Jin,Y., Vandenberg, S. G., Zhu,Y., and Tang, C. (1990). Report on Shanghai norms for the Chinese translation of the Wechsler Intel-ligence Scale for Children — Revised. Psychological Reports, 67, 531–541.
Li, X., Sano, H., and Merwin, J. C. (1996). Perception and reasoning abilities among
American, Japanese and Chinese adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 11, 173–193.
Lieberman, L., and Reynolds, L. T. (1996). Race: the deconstruction of a scientific concept. In L. T. Reynolds and L. Lieberman (Eds.). Race and Other Misadventures: Essays in Honor of Ashley Montagu. Dix Hills: General Hall.
Lieblich, A., and Kugelmas, S. (1981). Patterns of intellectual ability of Arab school children in Israel. Intelligence, 5, 311–320.
Lieblich, A., Ninio, A., and Kugelmas, S. (1972). Effects of ethnic origin and parental SES on WPPSI performance of pre-school children in Israel. Journal of Cross Cultural Psychology, 3, 159–168.
Lim, Т. K. (1994). Gender-related differences in intelligence: application of confirmatory factor analysis. Intelligence, 19, 179–192.
Linn, М. C., and Petersen, A. C. (1986). A meta-analysis of gender differences in spatial ability: implications for mathematics and science achievement. In J. S. Hyde and М. C, Linn (Eds.). The Psychology of Gender. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systerna naturae sistens animate Sveciae regni. Holmae: Salvius.
Lipovechaja, N. G., Kantonistowa, N. S., and Chamaganova, T. G. (1978). The role of heredity and of intellectual function. Medidskie Probleing Formirouaniga Livenosti, 27, 48–59.
Little, A. (1975). Performance of children from ethnic minority backgrounds in primary schools. Oxford Review of Education, 1, 117–135.
Liu, J., Raine, A., Venables, P. H., Dalais, C., and Mednick, S. A. (2003). Malnutrition at age 3 years and lower cognitive ability at age 11 years. Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 157, 593–600.
Livingstone, F. B. (1962). On the non-existence of the human races. Current Anthropology, 3, 279–281.
Llanos, Z. M. (1974). El funcionamiento intelectuel de los nicos en las zones marginales de Lima. Montevideo, Uruguay: Institute Americano de Nino.
Lloyd, E, and Pidgeon, D. A. (1961) An investigation into the effects of couching on verbal and non-verbal tests with European, Indian and African children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 31, 145–151.
Loehlin, J. C., Lindzey, G., and Spuhler, J. N. (1975). Race Differences in Intelligence. San Francisco, CA: Freeman.
Lombardi, T. P. (1970). Psycholinguistic abilities of Papago Indian school children. Exceptional Children, 36, 485–493.
Lorenzo, J. L., and Mirambell, L. (1986). Tlapacoya: 35,000: Anos de Historic del Lago de Chaleo. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia.
Lovegrove, M. N. (1966). The scholastic achievement of European and Maori children. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 1, 15–39.
Lubinski, D. (2000). Scientific and social significance of assessing individual differences. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 405 -444.
Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T. J., Lister, G., and Leeson-Payne, C. (1992). Breast milk and subsequent intelligence quotient in children born pre-term. The Lancet, 339, 261–264.
Lucas, A., Morley, R., Cole, T. J. (1998). Randomised trial of early diet in pre-term babies and later intelligence quotient. British Medical Journal, 317, 1481–1487.
Lynn, R. (1977a). The intelligence of the Japanese. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society, 30, 69–72.
Lynn, R. (1977b). The intelligence of the Chinese and Malays in Singapore. Mankind Quarterly, 18, 125–128.
Lynn, R. (1979). The social ecology of intelligence in the British Isles. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 18, 1-12.
Lynn, R. (1980). The social ecology of intelligence in the France. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19, 325–331.
Lynn, R. (1987). The intelligence of the Mongoloids: a psychometric, evolutionary and neurological theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 813–844.
Lynn, R. (1988). Educational Achievement in Japan. London: Macmillan.
Lynn, R. (1990a). The role of nutrition in secular increases of intelligence. Personality and Individual Differences, 11, 273–285.
Lynn, R. (1990b). Differential rates of secular increase of five major primary abilities.
Social Biology, 38, 137–141.
Lynn, R. (1991 a). Race differences in intelligence: a global perspective. Mankind Quarterly, 31, 254–296.
Lynn, R. (1991b). The evolution of race differences in intelligence. MankindQuarterly, 32, 99-173.
Lynn, R. (1991c). Intelligence in China. Social Behavior and Personality, 19, 1–4.
Lynn, R. (1992). Sex differences on the Differential Ability Test in British and American adolescents. Educational Psychology, 12, 101–106.
Lynn, R. (1993). Nutrition and intelligence. In R A. Vernon (Ed.), Biological Approaches to the Study of Human Intelligence. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Lynn, R. (1994a). The intelligence of Ethiopian immigrant and Israeli adolescents.
International Journal of Psychology, 29, 55–56.
Lynn, R. (1994b). Sex differences in brain size and intelligence: a para-dox resolved.
Personality and Individual Differences, 17, 257–271.
Lynn, R. (1994c). Some reinterpretations of the Minnesota Transracial Adoption Study.
Intelligence, 19, 21–28.
Lynn, R. (1996). Racial and ethnic differences in intelligence in the United States on the Differential Ability Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 20, 271–273.
Lynn, R. (1997). Intelligence in Taiwan. Personality and Individual Differnces, 22, 585–586. Lynn, R. (1998a). Sex differences on the Scottish standardisation sample of the WAIS-R.
Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 289–290.
Lynn, R. (1998b). In support of the nutrition theory. In U. Neisser (Ed.). The Rising Curve: Long Term Gains in IQ and Related Matters. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Lynn, R. (1998c). Sex differences in intelligence: a rejoinder to Mackintosh. Journal of Biosocial Science, 30, 529–532.
Lynn, R. (1998d). New data on black infant precocity. Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 801–804.
Lynn, R. (1998e). Has the black-white intelligence difference in the United States been narrowing over time? Personality and Individual Differences, 25, 999-1002.
Lynn, R. (1999). Sex differences in intelligence and brain size: a developmental theory.
Intelligence, 27, 1-12.
Lynn, R. (2001). Intelligence in Russia. Mankind Quarterly, 42, 151–154.
Lynn, R. (2002). Racial and ethnic differences in psychopathic personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 32, 273–316.
Lynn, R. (2002a). Skin color and intelligence in African Americans. Population and Environment, 23, 365–375.
Lynn, R. (2004). The intelligence of American Jews. Personality and Individual Differences, 36, 201–207.
Lynn, R., Allik, J., Pullmann, H., and Laidra, J. (2002). A study of the IQ in Estonia.
Psychological Reports, 95, 611–612.
Lynn, R., Backhoff, E., and Contreras, L. A. (2005). Ethnic and racial differences on the Standard Progressive Matrices in Mexico. Journal of Biosocial Science, 37, 107–113. Lynn, R., Chan, J. W. C., and Eysenck, H. J. (1991). Reaction times and intelligence in Chinese and British children. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 72, 443–452.
Lynn, R., and Chan, P. W. (2003). Sex differences on the Progressive Matrices: some data from Hong Kong. Journal of Biosocial Science, 35, 145–154.
Lynn, R., and Dziobon, J. (1980). On the intelligence of the Japanese and other Mongoloid peoples. Personality and Individual Differences, 1, 95–96.
Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. L. (1986). The rise of national intelligence: evidence from Britain, Japan and the USA. Personality and Individual Differences, 7, 23-332.
Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. (1986a). The structure of Japanese abilities: an analysis in terms of the hierarchical model of intelligence. Current Pychological Research and Reviews, 4, 309–322.
Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. (1986b). Intellectual abilities of Japanese children: an
assessment of 2–8 year olds derived from the McCarthy Scales of Children’s Abilities. Intelligence, 10, 41–58.
Lynn, R., and Hampson, S. (1987). Further evidence on the cognitive abilities of the Japanese: data from the WPPSI. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 10, 23–36.
Lynn, R., Hampson, S., and Bingham, R. (1987a). Japanese, British and American
adolescents compared for Spearman’s g and for the verbal, numerical and visuo-spatial abilities. Psychologia, 30, 137–144.
Lynn, R., Hampson, S. L., and Iwawaki, S. (1987b). Abstract reasoning and spatial abilities among American, British and Japanese adolescents. Mankind Quarterly, 27, 397–434.
Lynn, R., Hampson, S., and Lee, M. (1988). The intelligence of Chinese children in Hong Kong. School Psychology International, 9, 29–32.
Lynn, R., Hampson, S., and Magee, M. (1984). Home background, intelligence,
personality and education as predictors of unemployment in young people. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 549–558.
Lynn, R., and Harland, E. P. (1998). A positive effect of iron supplementation on the IQs of iron deficient children. Personality and Individual Differences, 24, 883–887.
Lynn, R., and Hattori, K. (1990). The heritability of intelligence in Japan. Behavior Genetics, 20, 545–546.
Lynn, R., and Holmshaw, M. (1990). Black-white differences in reaction times and intelligence. Social Behavior and Personality, 18, 299–308.
Lynn, R., and Irwing, P. (2004). Sex differences on the Progressive Matrices: a metaanalysis. Intelligence, 32, 481-98.
Lynn, R., and Kazlauskaite, V. (2002). A Study of the IQ in Lithuania. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 95,611–612.
Lynn, R., and Owen, K. (1994). Spearman’s hypothesis and test score differences between whites, Indians and blacks in South Africa. Journal of General Psychology, 121, 27–36.
Lynn, R., and Pagliari, C. (1994). The intelligence of American children is still rising. Journal of Biosocial Science, 26, 65–68.
Lynn, R., Pagliari, C., and Chan, J. (1988). Intelligence in Hong Kong measured for Spearman’s g and the visuospatial and verbal primaries. Intelligence, 12, 423–433.
Lynn, R., Plaspalanova, E., Stetinsky, D., and Tzenova, B. (1998). Intelligence in Bulgaria. Psychological Reports, 82, 912–914.
Lynn, R., Pullmann, H., and Allik, J. (2003). A new estimate of the IQ in Estonia. Psychological Reports, 97, 662–664.
Lynn, R., and Shigehisa, T. (1991). Reaction times and intelligence: a comparison of Japanese and British children. Journal of Biosocial Science, 23, 409–416.
Lynn, R., and Song, J. M. (1993). Sex differences in reaction times, decision times and movement times in British and Korean children. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 154, 209–313.
Lynn, R., and Song, J. M. (1994). General intelligence, visuospatial and ver bal abilities of Korean children. Personality and Individual Differences, 16, 363–364.
Lynn, R., Wilson, R. G., and Gault, A. (1989). Simple musical tests as measures of Spearman’s g. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 25–28.
Lynn, R., and Vanhanen, T. (2002). IQ and the Wealth of Nations. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Mabey, C. (1981). Black British literacy: a study of reading attainment of London black children from 8 to 15 years. Educational Research, 23, 83–95.
MacArthur, R. S. (1965). Mackenzie District Norming Project. Ottawa: Department of Northern Affairs.
MacArthur, R. S. (1967). Some cognitive abilities of Eskimo, white and Indian-Metis children aged 9 to 12 years. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 1, 50–59.
MacArthur, R. S., Irvine, S. H., and Brimble, A. R. (1964). The Northern Rhodesia Mental Ability Survey. Lusaka: Rhodes Livingstone Institute.
MacDonald, K. (1994). A People That Shall Dwell Alone. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Mackintosh, N. J. (1977). Stimulus control: attention factors. In W. K. Honig and J. E. R. Staddon (Eds.). Handbook of Operant Behavior. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Mackintosh, N. J. (1996). Sex differences and IQ. Journal ofBiosocial Science, 28, 559–572.
Mackintosh, N. J. (1998). IQ and Human Intelligence. Oxford: University Press.
Mackintosh, N. J., and Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1985). The IQ question. In Education for All. Cmnd paper 4453. London: HMSO.
MacLean, A. W., and McGhie, A. (1980). The AH4 group test of intelligence applied in a Canadian high school sample. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 12, 217–291.
MacNeish, R. S. (1976). Early man in the New World. American Scientist, 64, 316–327.
Maity, H. (1926). A report on the application of the Stanford adult tests to a group of college students. Indian Journal of Psychology, 1, 214–222.
Majumdar, P. K., and Nundi, P. C. (1971). Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices in two different populations. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 8, 30–33.
Manley, D. R. (1963). Mental ability in Jamaica. Social and Economic Studies, 12, 51–77.
Mann, V. A., Sasanuma, S., Sakuma, N., and Masaki, S. (1990). Sex differences in cognitive abilities: a cross cultural perspective. Neuropsychologia, 28, 1063–1077.
Marinkovich, R. I., Sparosvich, H. E, Santana, М. C. D., Game, J. H., Gomez, С. C., and Marinkovich, D. I. (2000). Estudio de la capacidad intellectuel (test de Matrices Progressivas de Raven) en escolares Chilerios de 5 a 18 acos. Revista de Psicologia General у Aplicada, 53, 5-30.
Martin, W. A. (1969). Word fluency: a comparative study. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 114, 253–262.
Martinelli, V., and Lynn, R. (2005). Sex differences on verbal and non-verbal abilities among primary school children in Malta. Unpublished.
Martorell, R., Malina, R. М., Castillo, R. O., Mendoza, F. S., and Pawson, I. G. (1988). Body proportions in three ethnic groups: children and youths 2-17 years in NHANES 11 and NHANES. Human Biology, 60, 205–222.
Martorell, R. (1997). Undernutrition during pregnancy and early childhood: consequences for cognitive and behavioural development. In М. E. Young (Ed.). Early Child Development: Investing in Our Children’s Future, Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Matarazo, J. D. (1972). The Measurement and Appraisal of Adult Intelligence. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins.
Maugham, B., and Rutter, M. (1986). Black pupils’ progress in secondary schools: examination attainments. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 4, 19–29.
McElwain, D. W, and Kearney, G. E. (1970). Queensland Test Handbook. Hawthorne, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Research.
McElwain, D. W, and Kearney, G. E. (1973). Intellectual development. In G. E. Kearney, P. R. de Lacey and G. R. Davidson (Eds.). The Psychology of Aboriginal Australians. New York: Wiley.
McFie, J., and Thompson, J. A. (1970). Intellectual abilities of immigrant children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 40, 348–351.
McGrew, K. S., and Flanagan, D. P. (1998). The Intelligence Test Desk Reference. Oston: Allyn and Bacon.
McGurk, F. C. F. (1953a). On white and Negro test performance and socio-economic factors. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37, 448–450.
McGurk, F. C. F. (1953b). Socio-economic status and culturally weighted test scores of Negro subjects. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 37, 276–277.
McIntyre, G. А. (1938). The Standardisation of Intelligence Tests in Australia. Melbourne: University Press.
McShane, D. A., and Plas, J. M. (1984). The cognitive functioning of American Indian children: moving from the WISC to the WISC-R. School Psychology Review, 17, 39–51.
Mehrotra, К. K. (1968). A comparative study of the WISC and Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Psychological Studies, 13, 47–50.
Mehryar, A. H., Shapurian, R., and Bassiri, T. (1972). A preliminary report on a Persian adaptation of Heim’s AH4 test. Journal of Psychology, 80, 167–180.
Mehryar, A. H., Tashakkori, A., Yousefi, R, and Khajavi, F. (1987). The application of the Goodenough-Harris Draw-a-Man test to a group of Iranian children in the city of Shiraz. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 57, 401–406.
Mellars, P., and Stringer, C. (1989). The Human Revolution. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Mercer, J. R., and Lewis, J. F. (1984). System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment: Manual. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Софоration.
Michael, R. T. (2003). Children’s cognitive skill development in Britain and the United States. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 396–408.
Miller, E. M. (1991). Climate and intelligence. Mankind Quarterly, 32, 127–131.
Miller, E. M. (1996). The evolution of Australoid and Amerindian intelligence. Mankind Quarterly, 37, 149–186.
Miller, E. M. (2005). Geographical Centrality As an Explanation for Racial Differences in Intelligence. Mankind Quarterly (to appear)
Miron, M. (1977). A validation study of a transferred group intelligence test. International Journal of Psychology, 12, 193–205.
Misawa, G., Motegi, М., Fujita, K., and Hattori, K. (1984). A comparative study of intellectual abilities of Japanese and American children on the Columbia Mental Maturity Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 5, 173–181.
Modiano, N. (1962). Mental testing among Tzeltal and Tzotzil children. Proceedings of the 35 th International Congress of Americanists. Mexico City.
Mohan, V. (1972). Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices and a verbal test of general mental ability. Journal of Psychological Researches, 16, 67–69.
Mohan, V., and Kumar, D. (1979). Performance of neurotics and stables on the Standard Progressive Matrices. Intelligence, 3, 355–368.
Mohanty, A. K., and Babu, N. (1983). Bilingualism and metalinguistic ability among Kond tribals in Orissa, India. Journal of Social Psychology, 121, 15–22.
Montagu, A. (1945a). Man’s Most Dangerous Myth: The Fallacy of Race. New York; Columbia University Press.
Montagu, A. (1945b). Intelligence of northern Negroes and southern whites in the First World War. American Journal of Psychology, 58, 161–188.
Montagu, A. (1999). (Ed.). Race and IQ. Expanded Edition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Montie, J. E., and Pagan, J. F. (1988). Racial differences in IQ: item analysis of the Stanford-Binet at 3 years. Intelligence, 12, 315–332.
Moon, S. B. (1988). A Cross Cultural Study of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children with Korean Children. Ph.D. thesis, University of Alabama.
Morant, G. M. (1927). A study of Australian and Tasmanian skulls based on previously studied measurements. Biometrika, 19, 417–440.
Morton, S. G. (1849). Observations on the size of the brain and families of man. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, 4, 221–224.
Movies, E. W, and Wolins, M. (1973). Group care and intellectual development. Developmental Psychology, 4, 370–380.
Murray, C. (1998). Income Inequality and IQ. Washington, D.C.: AEI Press.
Murray, C. (2003). Human Accomplishment. New York: Harper Collins.
Murray, L. S. (1983). Nutritional Status and Development of St. Lucian Preschool Children. M.Sc. Thesis. UWI, Mona.
Nagoshi, С. Т., and Johnson, R. C. (1986). The ubiquity of g. Personality and Individual Differences, 7, 201–208.
Nardi, N. (1948). Studies in intelligence of Jewish children. Jewish Education, 19, 41–45.
Nathawat, S. S., and Puri, P. (1995). A comparative study of MZ and DZ twins on Level I and Level II mental abilities and personality. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 21, 545–546.
National Center for Education Statistics. (2003). National Assessment of Educational Progress. Washington, D.C.
National Center for Health Statistics. (1979). Caloric and selected nutrient values for persons 1-74 years of age. Vital Health Statistics, No. 209. Hyattsville, MD.
Nei, М., and Roychoudhury, A. K. (1993). Evolutionary relationships of human populations on a global scale. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 10, 927–943.
Neisser,U. (1998). Intelligence: knowns and unknowns. American Psychologist, 51, 77-
Nell, V. (2000). Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Assessment. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Nelson, W. E. (1933). Mitchell-Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. Philadelphia: Saunders.
Nettle, D. (2003). Intelligence and class mobility in the British population. British Journal of Psychology, 94, 551–561.
Nisbett, R. E. (1998). Race, genetics and IQ. In C. Jencks and M. Phillips (Eds.). The Black-White Test Score Gap. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Nissen, S., Machover, S., and Kinder, E. F. (1935). A study of performance tests given to a group of Native African Negro children. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 308–355.
Nkaya, H. N., Huteau, М., and Bonnet, J-P. (1994). Retest effect on cognitive
performance on the Raven Matrices in France and in the Congo. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 78, 503–510.
Norman, R. D., and Midkiff, K. L. (1955). Navaho children on Raven Progressive
Matrices and Goodenough Draw-a-Man tests. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 11, 129–136.
Notcutt, B. (1950). The measurement of Zulu intelligence. Journal of Social Research, 1, 195–206.
Nurcombe, B., de Lacey, P., and Walker, S. L. (1999). Children of the Dispossessed. Stamford, CT: Ablex.
Nurcombe, B., and Moffitt, P. (1973). Cultural Deprivation and Language Deficit. In G.
Kearney, P. R. de Lacey, and G. R. Davidson (Eds.). The Psychology of Aboriginal Australians. Sydney: John Wiley.
Nyborg, H. (2003). Sex differences in g. In H. Nyborg (Ed.). The Scientific Study of General Intelligence. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Nyborg, H., and Jensen, A. R. (2000). Black-white differences on various psychometric tests: Spearman’s hypothesis tested on American armed services veterans. Personality and Individual Differences, 28, 593–599.
Office of the Surgeon General. (1968). Supplement to Health of the Army. Washington, D.C.: Dept, of the Army.
Ombredane, A., Robaye, E, and Robaye, E. (1952). Analyse des resultats d’une application experimentale du matrix 38 a 485 noirs Baluba. Bulletin Centre d’Etudes et Recherches Psychotechniques, 7, 235–255.
Ortar, G. (1952). Standardization of the Wechsler Test for Intelligence for children in Israel. Megamot, 4, 87-100.
Osborne, R. T. (1980). Twins: Black and White. Athens, GA: Foundation for Human Understanding.
Osborne, R. T, and Gregor, A. J. (1966). The heritability of visualization, perceptual speed and spatial orientation. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 23, 379–390.
Osborne, R. Т., and McGurk, F. С. (1982). The Testing of Negro Intelligence. Athens, GA: Foundation for Human Understanding.
Osmon, D.C., and Jackson, R. (2002). Inspection time and IQ: fluid or perceptual aspects of intelligence. Intelligence, 30, 119–127.
Owen, K. (1992). The suitability of Raven’s Progressive Matrices for various groups in South Africa. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 149–159.
Packenberg, B., and Gundersen, H. J. (1997). Neurocortical nerurone number in humans: effects of age and sex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 384, 312–320.
Paine, P., Dorea, J. G., Pasquali, L., and Monteiro, A. M. (1992). Growth and cognition in Brazilian school children: a spontaneously occurring intervention study. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 15, 169–183.
Pakkenberg, H., and Voigt, J. (1964). Brain weight of Danes. Acta Anatoma (Basel), 5, 297–307.
Pal, S., Shyam, R., and Singh, R. (1997). Genetic analysis of general intelligence g: a twin study. Personality and Individual Differences, 22, 779–780.
Parker, S. Т., and Gibson, K. R. (1977). A development model of the evolution of
language and intelligence in early hominids. The Behavioral Brain Sciences, 2, 367-408
Parker, S.Т., and McKinney, M. L. (1999). Origins of Intelligence: The Evolution of
Cognitive Development in Monkeys, Apes and Humans. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Parra, E. J., Marcini, A., and Akey, J. (1998). Estimating African American admixture proportions by use of population-specific alleles. American Journal of Human Genetics, 63, 1839–1851.
Paul, S. M. (1985). The Advanced Raven’s Progressive Matrices: normative data for an American university population and an examinatioA of the relationship with Spearman’s g. Journal of Experimental Education, 54, 95-100.
Payne. J. (1974). Educational Priority: EPA Surveys and Statistics, vol. 2, London: HMSO.
Pearson, R. (1974). Introduction to Anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Pearson, R. (1985). Anthropological Glossary. Malabar, FL: Kreiger.
Peoples, С. E., Fagan, J. E, and Drotar, D. (1995). The influence of race on 3 year old children’s performance on the Stanford-Binet Fourth Edition. Intelligence, 21, 69–82.
Persaud, G. (1972). The Performance of Two Samples of Primary School Children on Two Culture Free and Two Culture Bound Tests of Intelligence. University of Stockholm, Sweden: Institute of Applied Psychology.
Peters, L., and Ellis, E. N. (1970). An Analysis of WISC Profile Scores of Chinese-Canadian Children. Vancouver, BC: Board of School Trustees.
Peterson, J., and Lanier, L. H. (1929). Studies in the comparative abilities of whites and Negroes. Mental Measurement Monographs, No. 5.
Petrogiannis, K. S., Bardos, A. N., and Randou, E. (1999). Performance of Greek and American students on the Matrix Analogies Test. School Psychology International, 20, 233–238.
Philip’s. (1996). World Atlas. London: Chancellor.
Phillips, C. J. (1979). Educational under-achievement in different ethnic groups. Educational Research 21, 116–130.
Pickford, M. (1986). Major events in primate paleontology: possible support for climatic forcing models of evolution. Antropologia Contemporarea, 9, 89–94.
Piddington, М., and Piddington, R. (1932). Report of field work in Northwestern Australia. Oceania, 2, 327–328.
Pieke, F. N. (1988). The social position of the Dutch Chinese: an outline. China Information, 3, 12–23.
Pind, J., Gunnarsdottir, E. K., and Johannesson, H. S. (2003). Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices: new school age norms and a study of the test’s validity. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 375–386.
Plomin, R. (1994). Genetics and Experience: The Interplay between Nature and Nurture. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Plomin, R., and Buss, D. (1973). Reflection-impulsivity and intelligence. Psychological Reports, 33, 726.
Plomin, R., DeFries, J. C., and McCleam, G. E. (1990). Behavioral Genetics. New York: Freeman.
Pollitt, E., Gorman, K. S., Engle, P. L., Martorell, R., and Rivera,J. (1993). Early Supplementary Feeding and Cognition. Monographs Society for Research in Child Development, 58, No. 235.
Pollitt, E., Hathirat, P., Kotchabhakdi, N., Missell, L., and Valyasevi, A. (1989). Iron deficiency and educational achievement in Thailand. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 687–697.
Pons, A. L. (1974). Administration of Tests Outside the Cultures of their Origin. 26th Congress of the South African Psychological Association.
Popper, K. R. (1959). The Logic of Scientific Discovery. London: Methuen.
Poortinga, Y. (1971). Cross-cultural comparison of maximum performance tests: some methodological aspects and some experiments with simple auditory and visual stimuli. Psychologia Africana, Monograph Supplement No. 6.
Poortinga, Y. (1972). A comparison of African and European students in simple auditory and visual tasks. In L. J. Cronbach and P. D. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
Poortinga, Y, and Foden, I. M. (1975). A comparative study of curiosity in black and white South African students. Psychologia Africana, Monograph supplement No. 8.
Portenier, L. G. (1947). Abilities and interests of Japanese-American high school seniors. Journal of Social Psychology, 25, 53–61.
Porteus, S. D. (1917). Mental tests with delinquents and Australian Aboriginal children. Psychological Review, 24, 32–42.
Porteus, S. D. (1930). Race and social differences in performance tests. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 8, no. 2.
Porteus, S. D. (1931). The Psychology of a Primitive People. London: Edward Arnold.
Porteus, S. D. (1933a). Mentality of Australian Aborigines. Oceania, 4, 30–36.
Porteus, S. D. (1933b). Correspondence — the psychology of a primitive people. Oceania, 4, 30–36.
Porteus, S.D. (1937) Ethnic groups and the Maze Test. In R.E.Kuttner (Ed) Race and Modem Science. New York: Social Science Press.
Porteus, S. D. (1965). Porteus Maze Test. Palo Alto, С A: Pacific Books.
Porteus, S. D., and Babcock, H. (1926). Temperament and Race. Boston, MA: Badger.
Porteus, S. D., Brochner, S., Russell, J., and David, K. (1967). Age a factor in Australid mentality. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 25, 3-16
Porteus, S. D., and Gregor, A. J. (1963). Studies in intercultural testing.Perceptual and Motor Skills, 16, 705–724.
Post, R. H. (1962). Population differences in red and green colour visiondeficiency: review and a query on relaxation selection. Eugenics Review, 9, 131–146.
Pnfitera, A., Lawrence, L. G., and Saklofske, D. H. (1998). The WISC–III in context. In A. Prifitera and D. H. Saklofske (Eds.). (1998). WISC–III Clinical Use and Interpretation. San Diego, С A: Academic.
Prince, J. R. (1968). The effect of western education and science conceptualisation in New Guinea. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 38, 64–74.
Proctor, В. E., Kranzler, J. H., Rosenbloom, A. L., Martinez, V., and Guevara-Aguire, J. (2000). An initial investigation of validation of the Matrix Analogies Test-Expanded Form in Ecuador. Psychological Reports, 86, 445–453.
Pumfrey, P. D. (1983). The reading attainments of British children of parents of West Indian origin. Reading, 17, 111–124.
Rabinowitz, М. B., Wang, J-D., and Soong, W-T. (1991). Dentine lead and child intelligence in Taiwan. Archives of Environmental Health, 46, 351–360.
Rahman, A., Macbool, Е., and Zuberi, Н. S. (2002). Lead-associated deficits in stature, mental ability and behavior in children in Karachi. Annals of Tropical Paediatrics, 22, 301–311.
Raine, A., Reynolds, C, Venables, P. H., and Mednick, S. A. (2002). Stimulation seeking and intelligence: a prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 663–674.
Rao, S. N., and Reddy, I. K. (1968). Development of norms for Raven’s Coloured
Progressive Matrices on elementary school children. Psychological Studies, 13, 105–107.
Raudenbush, S. W, and Kasim, R. M. (1998). Cognitive skill and economic inequality: findings from the national adult literacy survey. Harvard Educational Review, 68, 33–68.
Raveau, F. H. М., Elster, E., and Lecoutre, J. P. (1976). Migration et acculturation differentiale. International Review of Applied Psychology, 25, 145–163.
Raven, J. (1981). Irish and British Standardisations. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven, J. (1986). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales.
London: Lewis.
Raven, J. (1998). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven, J., and Court, J. H. (1989). Manual for Ravens Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. London: Lewis.
Raven, J. C. (1939). The RECI series of perceptual tests: an experimental survey. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 18, 16–34.
Raven, J. C., Court, J. H., and Raven,J. (1994). Advanced Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven,J. C., Court, J. H., and Raven, J. (1995). Coloured Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven,J. C., Court,J. H., and Raven,J. (1996). Standard Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven,J. C., Court,J. H., and Raven,J. (1998). Advanced Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Raven,]., and Court, J. H. (1999). Manual for Raven’s Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. London: Lewis.
Raven, J., Raven, J. C., and Court, J. H. (2000). Standard Progressive Matrices. Oxford: Oxford Psychologists Press.
Razrin, G. (1971). Mind in Evolution. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
Redmond, М., and Davies, F. R. (1940). The Standardisation of Two Intelligence Tests. Wellington: New Zealand Council for Educational Research.
Reed, Т. E. (1969). Caucasian genes in American Negroes. Science, 165, 762–768.
Reed,T. E. (1971). The population variance of the proportion of genetic admixture in human intergroup hybrids. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 68, 3168–3169.
Reid, N., and Gilmore, A. (1983). Pupil performance on TOSCA: Some additional information. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 18, 13–81.
Reid, N., and Gilmore, A. (1989). The Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices in New Zealand. Psychological Test Bulletin, 2, 25–35.
Reidel, A., Klekamp,]., Harper, C., and Kretschmann, H. J. (1994). Morphometric study on the postnatal growth of the cerebral cortex of Australian aborigines and Caucasians. Journal of Brain Research, 35, 531–540.
Relethford, J. H. (1988). Genetics of modern human origins and diversity. Annual Review of Anthropology, 27, 1-23.
Resing, W. С. М., Bleichrodt, N., and Drenth, P. J. D. (1986). Het gebruit van de RAKIT bij allochtoon etnische groepen. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologies 41, 179–188.
Reuning, H. (1968). Psychological studies of Kalahari Bushmen. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation.The Hague: Mouton.
Reuning, Н. (1972). Testing Bushmen in the central Kalahari. In S. H. Irvine and J. W. Berry (Eds.). Human Abilities in Cultural Context. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Reynolds, C. R., Chastain, R. L., Kaufman, A. S., and McLean, J. E. (1987). Demographic characteristics and IQ among adults: analysis of WAIS-R standardization sample as a function of the stratification variables. Journal of School Psychology, 25, 323–342.
Reynolds, C. R., and Jensen, A. R. (1983). WISC-R subscale patterns of abilities of blacks and whites matched on full scale IQ. Journal of Educational Psychology, 15, 207–214.
Reynolds, C. R., Willson, V. L., and Ramsey, M. (1999). Intellectual differences among Mexican Americans, Papagos and whites, independent of g. Personality and Individual Differences, 27, 1181–1188.
Richardson, K., and Spears, D. (1972). From biology. In K. Richardson and D. Spears (Eds). Race, Culture and Education. Harmondsworth, UK: Penguin Books.
Richter, L. М., Griesel, R. D., and Wortley, М. E. (1989). The Draw-a-Man Test: A 50 year perspective on drawings done by black South African children. South African Journal of Psychology, 19, 1–5.
Rimoldi, H. J. (1948). A note on Raven’s Progressive Matrices Test. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 8, 347–352.
Risso,W. L. (1961). El test de Matrice Progressivas у el test Domino. Proceedings of the 1961 Conference of the Psychological Society of Uruguay.
Ritchie, J. E. (1966). Some observations on Maori and Pakeha intelligence test performance. Journal of the Polynesian Society, 66, 351–356.
Roberts, N. (1989). Pleistocene environments in time and space. In R. Foley (Ed.). Hominid Evolution and Community Ecology: Prehistoric Human Adaptation in Biological Perspective. London: Academic Press.
Robin, R. W, and Shea, J. D.C. (1983). The Bender Gestalt visual motor test in Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Psychology, 18, 263–270.
Rodd,W. G. (1959). A cross cultural study of Taiwan’s schools. Journal of Social Psychology, 50, 30–36.
Rohrer, J. H. (1942). The test intelligence of Osage Indians. Journal of Social Psychology, 16, 99-105.
Roth, P. L., Bevier, C. A., Bobko, P., Switzer, E S., and Tyler, P. (2001). Ethnic group differences in cognitive ability in employment and educational settings: a metaanalysis. Personnel Psychology, 54, 297–330.
Rouhani, S. (1989). Molecular genetics and the pattern of human evolution: plausible and implausible models. In P. Mellars and C. Stringer (Eds.). The Human Revolution. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Rowe, D. C. (2002). IQ, birth weight, and number of sexual partners in white, African American, and mixed race adolescents. Population and Environment, 23, 513–524.
Ruff, С. B., Trinkaus, E. and Holliday, T. W. (1997). Body mass and encephalization in Pleistocene Homo. Nature, 387, 173–176.
Rushton, J. P. (1988). Race differences in behaviour: a review and evolutionary analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 9, 1009–1024.
Rushton, J. P. (1992a). Cranial capacity related to sex, rank and race differences in a stratified sample of 6,325 U. S. military personnel. Intelligence, 16, 401–413.
Rushton, J. P. (1992b). Life history comparisons between Orientals and whites at a Canadian university. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 439–442.
Rushton, J. P. (1994). Sex and race differences in cranial capacity from International Labor Office data. Intelligence, 19, 281–294.
Rushton, J. P. (1997). Cranial size and IQ in Asian Americans from birth to seven. Intelligence, 25, 7-20.
Rushton, J. P. (2000). Race, Evolution and Behavior. Port Huron, MI: Charles Darwin Research Institute.
Rushton, J. P. (2003). Race differences in g and the «Jensen Effect.» In H. Nyborg (Ed.). The Scientific Study of General Intelligence. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Rushton, J. P., and Jensen, A. R. (2005). Thirty years of research on race differences in cognitive ability. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 11, 235–294.
Rushton,J. P., and Osborne, R.T. (1995). Genetic and environmental contributions to cranial capacity in black and white adolescents. Intelligence, 20, 1-13.
Rushton, J. P., and Skuy, M. (2000). Performance on Raven’s Matrices by African and white university students in South Africa. Intelligence, 28, 251–266.
Rushton, J. P., Skuy, М., and Fridjhon, P. (2002). Jensen effects among African, Indian and white engineering university students in South Africa on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices. Intelligence, 30, 409–423.
Rushton, J. P., Skuy, М., and Fridjhon, P. (2003). Performance on Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices by African, Indian and white engineering university students in South Africa. Intelligence, 31, 123–138.
Rushton, J. P., Skuy, М., and Bons, T. A. (2004). Construct validity of Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices by African and Non-African engineering university students in South Africa. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 12, 220–229.
Ryan, L. (1982). The Aboriginal Australians. St. Lucia: University of Queensland Press.
Saco-Politt, C. (1989). Ecocultural context of developmental risk: birth in the high altitudes (Peru). In J. K. Nugent, B. L. Lester, and Т. B. Bra-zelton (Eds.). The Cultural Context of Infancy. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.
Sadek, A. A. M. (1972). A Factor Analytic Study of Musical Abilities of Egyptian
Students Taking Music as a Special Subject. Ph.D. dissertation, University of London.
Sahin, N., and Duzen, E. (1994). Turkish standardisation of Raven’s SPM. Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress of Applied Psychology, Madrid.
Salkind, N.J.,Kojima,H.,and Zelniker,T. (1978). Cognitive tempo in American, Japanese and Israeli children. Child Development, 49, 1024–1027.
Sandiford, P. and Kerr, R. (1926). The intelligence of Chinese and Japanese children. Journal of Educational Psychology, 17, 361–367.
Scarr, S. (1981). Race, Social Class, and Individual Differences in IQ. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Scarr, S. (1981). Comments and replies. In S. Scarr. Race, Social Class, and Individual Differences in IQ. Hillsdale,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Scarr, S. (1995). Inheritance, intelligence and achievement. Planning for Higher Education, 23,1–9.
Scarr, S., Carparulo, B. K.,Ferdman, В. М., Tower, R. B., and Caplan, J. (1983).
Developmental status and school achievements of minority and non-minority children from birth to 18 years in a British Mid-lands town. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 31–48.
Scarr, S., and McCartney, K. (1983). How people make their own environments: a theory of genotype-environment effects. Child Development, 54, 424–435.
Scarr, S., and Weinberg, R. A. (1976). IQ test performance of black children adopted by white families. American Psychologist, 31, 726–739.
Scarr, S., and Weinberg, R. A. (1978). The influence of family background on intellectual attainment. American Sociological Review, 43, 674–692.
Scott, L. H. (1981). Measuring intelligence with the Goodenough Draw-a-Man test. Psychological Bulletin, 89, 483–505.
Scottish Council for Research in Education. (1933). The Intelligence of Scottish Children. London: University of London Press.
Scottish Council for Research in Education. (1949). The Trend of Scottish Intelligence. London: University of London Press.
Seagrim, G. N., and Lendon, R. J. (1980). Furnishing the Mind. New York: Academic.
Seshadri, S., and Gopaldas, T. (1989). Impact of iron supplementation on cognitive functions in preschool and school-aged children: the Indian experience. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 675–686.
Seyfort, В., Spreen, О., and Lahmer, V. (1980). A critical look at the WISC-R with native Indian children. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 16, 14–24.
Sheldon, W. H. (1924). The intelligence of Mexican children. School and Society, 19, 139–142.
Shigehisa, Т., and Lynn, R. (1991). Reaction times and intelligence in Japanese children. International Journal of Psychology, 26, 195–202.
Shockley, W. B. (1968). Proposed research to reduce racial aspects of the environment-heredity uncertainty. Science, 160, 443.
Shockley, W. B. (1969). Human quality problems and research taboos. New Concepts and Directions in Education, 28, 67–99.
Shockley, W. B. (1971). Hardy-Weinberg law generalized to estimate hybrid variance for Negro populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 68, 1390.
Shuey, A. M. (1966). The Testing of Negro Intelligence. New York: Social Science Press.
Sidles, C., and MacAvoy, J. (1987). Navajo adolescents’ scores on a primary language questionnaire and the Raven Progressive Matrices. Educational and Psychological Measurment, 47, 703–709.
Sijtsma, K., and Resing, W. С. M. (1991). Scalability of an intelligence test for different ethnic groups. In: N. Bleichrodt and P. J. D. Drenth (Eds.). Contemporary Issues in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger.
Simeon, D. Т., and Gratham-McGregor, S. (1989). Effects of missing breakfast on the cognitive functions of school children of differing nutritional backgrounds. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 49, 646–653.
Simeon, D. Т., and Gratham-McGregor, S. (1990). Effects of nutritional deficiencies on intelligence and behavior. Nutrition Research Reviews, 3, 1-24.
Simmons, K. (1942). Cranial capacities by both plastic and water techniques with cranial linear measurements of the Reserve Collection: white and Negro. Human Biology, 14, 473–498.
Simoes, М. M. R. (1989). Un estudo exploratorio com о teste das matrizes progressivas de Raven para criancas. Proceedings of the Congress of Psychology, Lisbon.
Simon, J. A., Schreiber, G. B., Crawford, P. B., Frederick, М. М., and Sabry, Z. I. (1993). Income and racial patterns of dietary vitamin С intake among black and white girls. Public Health Reports, 108, 760–764.
Sinha, U. (1968). The use of Raven’s Progressive Matrices in India. Indian Educational Review, 3, 75–88.
Skandinaviska Testforlaget. (1970). Manual of the Swedish WISC. Stockholm: Skandinaviska Testforlaget.
Skuy, М., Gewer, A., Osrin, Y., Khunou, D., Fridjhon, P., and Rushton, J. P. (2002). Effects of mediated learning experiences on Raven’s matrices scores of African and non-African students in South Africa. Intelligence, 30, 221–232.
Skuy, М., Schutte, E., Fridjhon, P., and O’Carroll, S. (2001). Suitability of published neuropsychological test norms for urban African secondary school students in South Africa. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 1413–1425.
Smith, C. L., and Beals, K. L. (1990). Cultural correlates with cranial capacity. American Anthropologist, 92, 193–200.
Smith, S. (1942). Language and non-verbal test performance of racial groups in Honolulu before and after a fourteen year interval. Journal of General Psychology, 26, 51–93.
Soewondo, S., Husaini, М., and Pollitt, E. (1989). Effects of iron defi-ciency on attention and learning processes in preschool children: Ban-dung, Indonesia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50, 667–674.
Sonke, C. J. (2000). Cross-cultural differences on simple cognitive tasks: a psychophysiological investigation. Tilberg: University Press.
Sorokin, B. (19 54). Standardisation of the Progressive Matrices test. Unpublished report.
Sowell, T. (1978). Three black histories. In T. Sowell and L. D. Collins (Ed.). Essays and Data on American Ethnic Groups. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute.
Sowell, Т. (1986). Education: Assumptions versus History. Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press.
Spearman, C. (1923). The Nature of Intelligence and the Principles of Cognition. London: Macmillan.
Spicher,P. (1993). Nouvel etalonnage du SPM. Fribourg, Switzerland: University of Fribourg.
Stahl, A. B. (1984). Hominid dietary selection before fire. Current Anthropology, 25, 151-68.
Stams, G. J., Juffer, R, Rispens, J., and Hoksergen, R. A. C. (2000). The development and adjustment of 7 year old children adopted in infancy. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41, 1025–1037.
Stanford, С. B., and Bunn, H. T. (2001). Introduction. In С. B. Stanford and H. T. Bunn (Eds.). Meat Eating and Human Evolution. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stein, Z., Susser, М., Saenger G., and Marolla, F. (1972). Nutrition and mental performance. Science, 178, 708–713.
Sternberg, R. J., Grigorenko, E. L., Ngorosho, D., Tantufuye, E., Mbise, A., Nokes, C., Jukes, М., and Bundy, D. A. (2002). Assessing intellectual potential in rural Tanzanian school children. Intelligence, 30, 141–162.
Sternberg, R. J., Nokes, C., Geissler, P. W., Prince, R., Okatcha, E, Bundy, D. A., and Grigorenko, E. L. (2001). The relationship between academic and practical intelligence: a case study in Kenya. Intelligence, 29, 401–418.
Sternberg, R. J., Powell, C., McGrane, P., and Grantham-McGregor, S. (1997). Effects of a parasitic infection on cognitive functioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 3, 67–76.
Stevenson, H. W., and Azuma, H. (1983). IQ in Japan and the United States: methodological problems in Lynn’s analysis. Nature, 306, 291–292.
Stevenson, H. W., Stigler, J. W., Lee, S., Lucker, G. W. Kitanawa, S. and Hsu, C. (1985). Cognitive performance and academic achievement of Japanese, Chinese and American children. Child Development, 56, 718–734.
Stewart, L. H., Dole, A. A., and Harris, Y. Y. (1967). Cultural differences in abilities during high school. American Educational Research Journal, 4, 19–30.
Stewart, R., Johnson, J., Richards, М., Brayne, C., and Mann, A. (2002). The distribution of Mini-Mental State Examination scores in an older UK African-Caribbean population compared to MRC CFA study norms. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 17, 745–751.
St. George, A. (1974). Cross-cultural ability testing. Unpublished.
St. George, R. (1970). The psycholinguistic abilities of children from different ethnic backgrounds. Australian Journal of Psychology, 22, 85–89.
St. George, R. (1983). Some psychometric properties of the Queensland Test of Cognitive Abilities with New Zealand, European and Maori children. New Zealand Journal of Psychology. 12, 57–68.
St. George, R., and Chapman,J. W. (1983).TOSCA results from a New Zealand sample. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies, 18, 178–183.
St. George, R., and St. George, S. (1975). The intellectual assessment of Maori and European children. In R D. K. Ramsay (Ed.). The Family at School in New Zealand. London: Pitman.
St. John, J.,Krichev, A., and Bauman, E. (1976). North Western Ontario Indian children and the WISC. Psychology in the Schools. 13, 407–411.
Storfer, M. D. (1990). Intelligence and Giftedness. Jossey-Bass, San Erancisco.
Strauss, M. A. (1954). Sub-cultural variation in Ceylonese mental ability: a study in national character. Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 129–141.
Stringer, С. B., and Andrews, R (1988). Genetic and fossil evidence for the origin of modem humans. Science, 239, 1263–1268.
Stringer, С. B., and McKie, R. (1996). African Exodus. London: Pimlico.
Strum, S. C. (1981) Processes and products of change: baboon predatory behavior at Gilgil, Kenya. In R. Harding and G. Telela (Eds.). Omnivorous Primates. New York, Columbia University Press.
Sugishita, М., and Omura, К. (2001). Learning Chinese characters may improve visual memory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 93, 579–594.
Sundberg, N., and Ballinger, T. (1968). Nepalese children’s cognitive development as revealed by drawings of man, woman and self. Child Development, 39, 969–985.
Sung, Y. H., and Dawis, R. V. (1981). Level and factor structure differences in selected abilities across race and sex groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 66,613–624.
Symonds, P. M. (1924). The intelligence of Chinese in Hawaii. School and Society, 19, 442.
Takeuchi, М., and Scott, R. (1992). Cognitive profiles of Japanese and Canadian kindergarten and first grade children. Journal of Social Psychology, 132, 505–512.
Tamaoka, K., Saklofske, D. H., and Ide, M. (1993). The non-verbal reasoning ability of Japanese children measured by Naglieri’s matrix analogies test — short form. Psychologia, 36, 53–60.
Tan, U., Tan, М., Polat, P., Ceylan, Y, Suma, S., and Okur, A. (1999). Magnetic resonance imaging brain size/IQ relations in Turkish university students. Intelligence, 27, 83–92.
Tarnopol, L., and Tarnopol, M. (1980). Arithmetic ability in Chinese and Japanese children. Focus on Learning Problems in Mathematics, 2, 29–48.
Taschinski, R. (1985). Eine Untersuchung zur Kulturfaimws der Progressiven Matrizen von Raven gegeniiber tiirkischen Kindem in Deutschland. Psychologic in Erziehung und Unterricht, 32, 229–239.
Taylor, J. М., and Radford, E. J. (1986). Psychometric testing as an unfair labour practice. South African Journal of Psychology, 16, 79–86.
Taylor, L. J., and Skanes, G. R. (1976a). Level 1 and level 11 abilities in Inuit and white children from similar environments. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 7, 157–167.
Taylor, L. J., and Skanes, G. R. (1976b). Cognitive abilities of Inuit and white children from similar environments. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 8, 1–8.
Taylor, L. J., and Skanes, G. R. (1977). A cross-cultural examination of some of Jensen’s hypotheses. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 9, 315–322.
Teasdale, G. R., and Katz, F. M. (1968). Psycholinguistic abilities of children from different ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds. Australian Journal of Psychology, 20, 133–159.
Teasdale, T. W., and Owen, D. R. (1994). Thirty year secular trend in the cognitive abilities of Danish male school leavers at a high educational level. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 35, 328–335.
Teasdale, T. W., and Owen, D. R. (2000). Forty-year secular trends in cognitive abilities. Intelligence, 28, 115–120.
Teeter, A., Moore, C., and Petersen, J. (1982). WISC-R verbal and performance abilities of Native American students referred for school learning problems. Psychology in the Schools, 19, 39–44.
Telford, C. W. (1932). Test performance of full and mixed-blood North Dakota Indians. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 14, 123–145.
Templer, D. I., and Arikawa, H. (2005). Temperature, skin color, per capita income and IQ: an international perspective. Intelligence (to appear).
Te Nijenhuis, J. (1997). Comparability of Test Scores for Immigrants and Majority Group Members in the Netherlands. Enschede, the Netherlands: Ipskamp.
Te Nijenhuis, J., Tolboom, E. A., Resing, W. C., and Bleichrodt, N. (2004). Does cultural background influence the intellectual performance of children of immigrant groups? European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20, 10–26.
Te Nijenhuis,J., and van der Flier, H. (2001). Group differences in mean intelligence for the Dutch and third world immigrants. Journal of Biosocial Science, 33, 469–475.
Terman, L. M. (1916). The Measurement of Intelligence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
Tesi, G., and Young, В. H. (1962). A standardisation of Raven’s Progressive Matrices. Archive de Psicologia Neurologia e Psichologia, 5, 455–464.
Tesser, P. Т. М., Merens, J. G., and van Prag, C. (1999). Rapportage minder heden 1999. Rijswijk: Social en Cultured Planburewau.
Themstrom, A., and Thernstrom, S. (2003). No Excuses: Closing the Racial Gap in Learning. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Thomas, N. W. (1925). Australia: its native races and their customs. In: J. A. Hammerton (Ed.). Peoples of All Nations. London: Amalgamated Press.
Thomas, R. М., and Shah, A. (1961). The Draw-a-Man Test in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Psychology, 32, 232–235.
Thompson, P. М., Cannon, T. D., Narr, K. L., van Erp, T, and Poutanen, V-P. (2001). Genetic influences on brain structure. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 1253–1258.
Thorndike, R. L., Hagen, E. P., and Sattler, J. M. (1986). Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale: Fourth Edition Manual. Chicago: Riverside.
Thurstone, L. L. (1938). Primary Mental Abilities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Tizard, B. (1972). IQ and race. Nature, 247, 316.
Tobias, P. V. (1970). Brain-size, grey matter and race — fact or fiction? American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 32, 3-26.
Tooby,J., and Devore, I. (1989). The reconstruction of hominid behavioral evolution through strategic modelling. In W. G. Kinzey (Ed.). The Evolution of Human Behavior: Primate Models. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Torrence, R. (1983). Time budgeting and hunter-gatherer technology. In G. Bailey (Ed.). Hunter-Gatherer Economy in Prehistory: A European Perspective. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
Turner, G. H., and Penfold, D. J. (1952). The scholastic aptitude the Indian children of the Caradoc reserve. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 6, 31–44.
Tzriel, D., and Caspi, N. (1992). Cognitive modifiability and cognitive performance of deaf and hearing preschool children. Journal of Special Education, 26, 235–252.
Ucman, P. (1972). A normative study of the Goodenough-Harris test on a Turkish sample. In L. J. Cronbach and P. J. D. Drenth (Eds.). Mental Tests and Cultural Adaptation. The Hague: Mouton.
UNICEF. (1996). The State of the World’s Children. Oxford, U. K.: Oxford University Press.
United States Bureau of the Census. (1989). The Hispanic population of the United States. Current Population Reports, series P-20, No. 444.
United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1970). Intellectual Maturity of Children. Washington, D.C.
United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare. (1971). Intellectual Development of Children. Washington, D.C.
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (1978). Anthropometric Source Book, vol. 2, Handbook of Anthropometric Data. Washington, D.C.
Valencia, R. R. (1979). Comparison of performance of Chicano and Anglo-Saxon third grade boys on Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices. Psychology in the Schools, 16, 448–453.
Valentine, M. (1959). Psychometric testing in Iran. Journal of Mental Science, 105, 93-107.
Van de Vijver, F. J. R., and Willemse, G. R. (1991). Are reaction time tasks better suited for cultural minorities than paper and pencil tests? In N. Bleichrodt and P. J. D.
Drenth (Eds.). Contemporary Issues in Cross-Cultural Psychology. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger.
Vandenburg, S.G. (1962).The hereditary abilities study: hereditary components in a psychological test battery. American Journal of Human Genetics, 14, 220–237.
Vejleskov, H. (1968). An analysis of Raven Matrix responses in fifth grade children. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 9, 177–186.
Verhagen, P. (1956). Utilite actuelle des tests pour l» etude psychologique des autochtones Congolais. Revue de Psychologie Appliquee, 6, 139–151.
Verive, J. М., and McDaniel, M. A. (1996). Short-term memory tests in personnel selection: low adverse impact and high validity. Intelligence, 23, 15–32.
Vernon, P. A. (1989). The heritability of measures of speed of informa-tion-processing. Personality and Individual Differences, 10, 573–576.
Vernon, P. A., Wickett, J. С., Bazana, P. G., and Stelmack, R. М. (2000). The
neuropsychology and neurophysiology of human intelligence. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.). Handbook of Intelligence. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Vernon, P. E. (1969). Intelligence and Cultural Environment. London: Methuen.
Vernon, P. E. (1979). Intelligence: Heredity and Environment. San Francisco: Freeman. Vernon, P. E. (1982). The Abilities and Achieve-ments of Orientals in North America. New York: Academic Press.
Vernon, P. E. (1984). The abilities and achievements of ethnic groups in Canada with special reference to Canadian natives and Orientals. America. In S. M. Samuda, J. W. Berry, and M. Laferriere (Eds.). Multiculturalism in Canada. Toronto: Allyn and Bacon.
Vincent, P. (1966). The measured intelligence of Glasgow Jewish schoolchildren. Jewish Journal of Sociology, 8, 92-108.
Vitti, P., Aghini-Lombardi, E, and Antonangeli, L. (1992). Mild iodine deficiency in fetal/ neonatal life and neuropsychological performances. Ada Medica Austriaca, 19, 57–67.
Wagner, K. (1937). The cranial capacity of the Oceanic races. Norske Videnskaps-akademi I Oslo. 1 Mat. Naturv. Klasse № 2.
Wake, C. S. (1872). The mental characteristics of primitive man as exemplified by the Australian Aborigines. Journal of the Anthropological Institute, 1, 74–84.
Waldman, I. D., Weinberg, R. A., and Scarr, S. (1994). Racial-group differences in IQ in the Minnesota Transracial adoption study. Intelligence, 19, 29–44.
Waldron, L. A., and Gallimore, A. J. (1973). Pictorial depth perception in Papua New Guinea, Torres Straits and Australia. Australian Journal of Psychology, 25, 89–92.
Walters, R. H. (1958). The intelligence test performance of Maori children: a cross-cultural study. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 58, 107–114.
Watanabe, S., Ayta, W. E. E, and Hamaguchi, H. (2003). Some evidence of a date of first humans to arrive in Brazil. Journal of Archeological Science, 30, 351–254.
Weede, E., and Kampf, S. (2002). The impact of intelligence and institutional improvements on economic growth. Kyklos, 55, 361–380.
Wein,N., and Stevenson, B. (1972). Pre-school education programme — Dominica: Pilot evaluation of 3 and 4 year olds. Jamaica: Bernard Van Leer Foundation UWI, Mona.
Weinberg, R. A., Scarr, S., and Waldman, I. D. (1992). The Minnesota transracial
adoption study: a follow-up of the IQ test performance at adolescence. Intelligence, 16, 117–135.
Werner, E. E., Bierman, J., and French, E (1971). The Children of Kauai: A Longitudinal Study from the Prenatal Period to Age Ten. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Werner, E. E., Simonian, K., and Smith R. S. (1968). Ethnic and socio-economic status differences in abilities and achievements among preschool and school-aged children in Hawaii. Journal of Social Psychology, 75, 43–59.
West, A. М., Mackintosh, N. J., and Mascie-Taylor, C. G. N. (1992). Cognitive and educational attainment in different ethnic groups. Journal of Biosocial Science, 24, 539–554.
West, L. W, and MacArthur, R. S. (1964). An evaluation of selected intelligence tests for two samples of Metis and Indian children. Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 10, 17–27.
Weyl, N. (1967a). White Rhodesians: an unrecognised intellectual elite. Mankind Quarterly, 7, 207–210.
Weyl, N. (1967b). Personal communication.
Wilgosh, L., Mulcahy, R., and Walters, B. (1986). Assessing intellectual performance of culturally different Inuit children with the WISC-R. Canadian Journal of Behavioral Science, 18, 270–277.
Williams, W. M. (1998). Are We Raising Smarter Children Today? School- and Home- Related Influences on IQ. In U. Neisser (Ed.) The Rising Curve: Long term changes in IQ and related measures. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association Books.
Winkelmann, W. von (1972). Normen fur den Mann-Zeichen-Test von Ziler und die Coloured Progressive Matrices von Raven fur 5–7 jahrige Kinder. Psychologische Beitrage, 17, 80–94.
Winick, М., Meyer, К. K. and Harris, R. C. (1975). Malnutrition and environmental enrichment by early adoption. Science, 190, 1173–1175.
Wober, M. (1969). The meaning and stability of Raven’s matrices test among Africans. International Journal of Psychology, 4, 229–235.
Woodworth, R. S. (1910). Race differences in mental traits. Science, 31,171–186.
Workman, P. L. (1968). Gene flow and the search for natural selection in man. Human Biology, 40, 260–279.
Wright, S. C.,Taylor, D. М., and Ruggiero, К. M. (1996). Examining the potential for academic achievement among Inuit children. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 27, 733–753.
Wycherley, R., and Benjamin, L. (1998). WAIS-111 UK Manual. London: Psychological Corporation.
Wynn, T. (1989). The Evolution of Spatial Competence. Urbana, II: University of Illinois Press.
Yates, A. J., and Forbes, A. R. (1967). Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices: Provisional Manual for Australia and New Zealand. Hawthorn, Victoria: Australian Council for Educational Research.
Yee, L. Y., and La Forge, R. (1974). Relationship between mental abilities, social class, and exposure to English in Chinese fourth graders. Journal of Educational Psychology, 66, 826–834.
Yeung, К. T. (1922). The intelligence of Chinese children in San Francisco and vicinity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 5, 267–274.
Yousefi, E, Shahim, S., Razavieh, A., Mehryar, A. H., Hosseini, A. A., and Alborzi, S. (1992). Some normative data on the Bender Gestalt test performance of Iranian children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 62, 410–416.
Yule, W., Berger, М., Rutter, М., and Yule, B. (1975). Children of West Indian
immigrants — 11. Intellectual performance and reading attainment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 16, 1-17.
Zaaiman, H. (1998). Selecting Students for Mathematics and Science. Pretoria: Sigma Press.
Zahimic, C., Girboveanu, М., Onofrei, A., Turcu, A., Voicu, C., Voicu, М., and Visan, О. M. (1974). Etolonarea matricelor progressive colorate Raven. Revista de Psihologie, 20, 313–321.
Zeidner, M. (1987a). Test of the cultural bias hypothesis: some Israeli findings. Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 38–48.
Zeidner, M. (1987b). Validity of college admission indices for Jews and Arabs in Israel. Personality and Individual Differences, 8, 587–588.
Zhou, Z., and Boehm, A. E. (2001). American and Chinese children’s knowledge of basic relational concepts. School Psychology International, 22, 5-21.
Zindi, E (1994). Differences in psychometric performance. The Psychologist, 1, 549–552.
Zsembik, B. A., and Peek, М. K. (2001). Race differences in cognitive functioning among older adults. Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences, 56B, 266–274.
Более 800 000 книг и аудиокниг! 📚
Получи 2 месяца Литрес Подписки в подарок и наслаждайся неограниченным чтением
ПОЛУЧИТЬ ПОДАРОК