Примечания

В настоящей книге использованы сведения из различных архивных материалов и справочников. В дополнение к имеющемуся у авторов собранию материалов по делу Анны Андерсон и включающему в себя большое количество документов, писем и магнитофонных записей бесед, которые в шестидесятые годы были сделаны Алексеем Милюковым, мы использовали также информацию из следующих источников:

Архив Николая Соколова: Копии многотомного досье, собранного следователем Белой армии Николаем Соколовым в ходе проводившегося им в 1919–1924 годах расследования убийства императорской семьи. Мы смогли получить к ним доступ в ходе анализа материалов для нашей книги The Fate of the Romanovs, вышедшей в 2003 году.

Государственный архив Польши, Варшава: Данные по переписи населения в Померании и Западной Пруссии; книги записи актов гражданского состояния населенных пунктов Борек и Сулечино, а также записи актов гражданского состояния из бывших немецких регистрационных учреждений округа Штольп в Померании и округа Сулечино в Западной Пруссии, позиции и записи, приведенные в каждой конкретной ссылке.

ГАРФ: Государственный архив Российской Федерации, Москва.

АПРФ: Архив президента Российской Федерации, Москва.

ЦДООСО: Центр документации общественных организаций Свердловской области, Екатеринбург.

Собрание документов Йена Лилбэрна: Архивы, документы и записи, найденные, собранные и находящиеся в Лондоне в личном владении Йена Лилбэрна, занимавшегося историей жизни Анны Андерсон, Лондон.

Собрание документов Питера Курта: Документы и записи, найденные и собранные Питером Куртом, биографом Анны Андерсон, и находящиеся в личном владении.

Staatsarchiv, Дармштадт: Документы, записи, показания и юридические записки доктора Ганса Германна Крампфа и доктора Гюнтера фон Беренберг-Госслера, а также свидетельские показания, сбор которых в противовес иску Анны Андерсон вел великий герцог Гессенский и продолжил его единственный выживший сын принц Людвиг Гессенский. Эти документы, которые ранее хранились в Вольфгартен – родовом поместье герцогов Гессенских, после смерти вдовы принца Людвига принцессы Маргареты Гессенской были перевезены в Дармштадт. Большая часть документов в этом архиве еще не получила соответствующих классификационных номеров. В тех случаях, когда такие номера уже имеются, мы приводим их в обозначении конкретного источника инфоромации, те материалы, у которых еще нет названного номера, получают пометку Staatsarchiv, Дармштадт.

Гамбург: Материалы Anastasia Prozess, находящиеся на хранении в Staatsarchiv, г. Гамбург (большая часть материалов хранится в копиях в Staatsarchiv, Дармштадт). Это единственное и самое большое собрание материалов по иску Андерсон, охватывающее всю ее тридцатисемилетнюю юридическую борьбу за право называться Анастасией. Материалы кассаций в Центральный окружной суд (Amtsgericht), в Берлине, в Высокий суд (Landesgericht), в Берлине, и в Апелляционный суд (Kammergericht), в Берлине, в период с 1938 по 1957 год хранятся в Гамбурге в папках, помеченных этикеткой Bln (то есть Berlin). Когда Андерсон выдвинула гражданский иск против герцогини Барбары, супруги герцога Кристиана-Людвига Мекленбургского, материалы берлинских слушаний были включены в протокол вновь открытого дела, который охватывал судебные слушания 1957–1961 годов в Ганзейском земельном суде (Landesgericht) и материалы судебного разбирательства по апелляции в Ганзейский апелляционный суд (Oberlandesgericht), в 1964–1967 годах. Материалы, касающиеся апелляции, которая 1970 году была подана в Верховный федеральный суд Западной Германии (Bundesgericht), в Карлсруэ был включен в уже существующие Берлинский и Гамбургские протоколы, и все зарегистрировано в Staatsarchiv, г. Гамбург, под одной общей рубрикой. Для упрощения дела мы в своей работе присвоили этим материалам общее название «Гамбург» и ссылкам и цитатам из какого-то конкретного источника в данной рубрике давали соответствующие обозначения, например «Гамбург, IV, 470», что обозначает том 4, страница 470.

Введение

1. Chavchavadze, 228.

2. See Longworth for further discussion.

3. See Troyat and Troubetskoy for further discussion.

4. Chavchavadze, 233.

5. Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I/113–127.

6. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records and bulletin of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, cited in Kurth, 6; Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital admission report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV/2389–2402; See Auclères in Le Figaro, February 5, 1965, and September 24, 1969; Kurth, 330–331.

7. Schiller Report, cited in Kurth, 32; Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII/1394–1402.

8. See Horan, 141.

9. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV/2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I/134–138; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of November 15, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV/6402–6428.

10. Auclères, 249.

11. See Summers and Mangold, 227–228.

12. See Kurth, 57.

13. Rathlef-Keilmann, 106

1. «Боже, какое разочарование!»

1. Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, diary entry of June 5/18, 1901, in Maylunas and Mironenko, 206.

2. Nicholas II, diary entry of June 5/18, 1901, in Maylunas and Mironenko, 206.

3. Eagar, 52; details drawn from imperial christenings described in Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 103–105; Buxhoeveden, Before the Storm, 238–241; and Marie Pavlovna, Education, 66.

4. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 103–105; Eagar, 52; Buxhoeveden, Before the Storm, 240; Marie Pavlovna, Education, p. 66.

5. Prince Christopher of Greece, 55.

6. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 76; Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 29.

7. Anastasia Nikolaievna, letter to Nicholas II, October 28, 1916 (Old Style), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 406; Anastasia Nikolaievna, letter to Nicholas II, May 8, 1913 (Old Style), in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 1156; Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of September 23, 1914 (Old Style), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 402.

8. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 93.

9. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 150.

10. Vyrubova, 76; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 62–63.

11. Vyrubova, 77; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 157; Dehn, 78; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 73.

12. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 75; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 158.

13. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 75.

14. Hough, 265.

15. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 75; Dehn, 79; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 158; Vyrubova, 78.

16. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

17. Dehn, 78.

18. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

19. Botkin, Au Temps des Tsars, 81; Dehn, 78.

20. Vorres, 111–112; письмо Ольги Александровны к принцессе Ирэне Гессенской, супруге принца Генриха Прусского, от 22 декабря 1925 года (письмо ошибочно помечено 1926 годом); в Гамбург, Bln III, 181–182; письмо Александры Феодоровны Николаю II от 8 января 1916 года в ГАРФ Ф. 601. Оп. 1. Д. 1150.

21. Botkin, The Woman Who Rose Again, 23.

22. Vorres, 112; Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of February 10, 1958, at the West German consulate, New York City, in Hamburg, IV/749–751.

23. Chavchavadze, 57; Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of March 16–17, 1959, at the West German consulate, New York City, in Hamburg, VII, 1214–1230.

24. Eagar, 20–21; www.alexanderpalace.org; Dehn, 79.

25. Vyrubova, 77; Dehn, 79; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

26. Dehn, 78–79; Eagar, 21.

27. Vyrubova, 77–78; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 157–158.

28. Dehn, 78.

29. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 157.

30. Vyrubova, 57–58.

31. Eagar, 39; Vyrubova, 58; Volkov, 65–66; Dehn, 46.

32. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 83.

33. Vyrubova, 56–59.

34. Mossolov, 62–64; Voyekov, 216.

35. Eagar, 272.

36. Buxhoeveden, Before the Storm, 320–321; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 150.

37. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 77.

38. Vyrubova, 79.

39. Ibid.

40. Vyrubova, 80; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

41. Vorres, 112.

42. Grabbe and Grabbe, 69.

2. Чертенок

1. Grabbe and Grabbe, 69.

2. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 1 2, 17.

3. Gilliard and Savitch, 14.

4. Ibid.

5. Charles Sidney Gibbes to Alexander Mikhailovich, letter of December 1, 1928, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4403–4404.

6. Alexandra Feodorovna to Margaret Jackson, letter of August 19, 1912, in Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 129.

7. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 77; Vyrubova, 73; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

8. Gilliard and Savitch, 14.

9. Trewin, 10, 29.

10. Trewin, 13–17; Benagh, 11–18.

11. See Trewin for several examples of Anastasia’s later English compositions and her questionable grasp of the written language.

12. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 76–77; Gilliard, in the Illustrated London News, July 16, 1927, 102–103; Gilliard and Savitch, 14–18.

13. Verdict of the Bundesgerichthof (West German Federal Supreme Court), Karlsruhe, February 17, 1970, appended to Hamburg, loose.

14. Item No. 8, German Composition Book, «A. Romanova, February 16, 1916, Tsarskoye Selo,» receipt dated April 22, 1964, in Hamburg, XX, 3834.

15. Gilliard and Savitch, 18; Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31; Buxhoeveden statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 36.

16. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 75, 77.

17. Gilliard and Savitch, 15.

18. Vorres, 112.

19. Trewin, 74; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 155–156.

20. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 179.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, 51; Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182; Gilliard and Savitch, 78; statement of Maria von Hesse in Gilliard and Savitch, 141.

22. Gilliard and Savitch, 16.

23. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 75–76; Dehn, 78.

24. Vorres, 112.

25. Vyrubova, 77, 80.

26. Mossolov, 247.

27. Анастасия Николаевна; письмо Николаю II от 8 мая 1913 года (по старому стилю) в ГАРФ, Ф. 601, Оп. 1, Д. 1156.

28. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of October 28, 1914 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 406; Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of January 5, 1916 (OS), at www.alexanderpalace.org; Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of August 16, 1916 (OS), at www.alexanderpalace.org.

29. Vorres, 110.

30. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 296.

31. Vyrubova, 46.

32. Fromenko, 15; Vyrubova, 48.

33. See King, The Court of the Last Tsar, 276–277; Spiridovich, 1:193.

34. Grabbe and Grabbe, 57.

35. Grabbe and Grabbe, 105–107; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 119–120; Vyrubova, 18; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 71–74.

36. Nicholas II to Dowager Empress Marie Feodorovna, letter of October 20, 1912, in Bing, 275.

37. Vyrubova, 91.

38. Ibid., 92.

39. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29; Vyrubova, 93.

40. Naryshkin-Kuryakina, 196.

41. Vyrubova, 93.

42. Prince Sigismund of Prussia, affidavit, July 5, 1938, in Ham-burg, Bln I, 113.

43. See Duff, 289.

44. Naryshkin-Kuryakina, 196.

45. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29.

46. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 29–31; Vyrubova, 93.

47. Vyrubova, 94.

48. Vorres, 130.

3. В пропасть

1. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 185; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 105–106.

2. Marie Pavlovna, Education, 162.

3. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 191–192.

4. See Alexandra Feodorovna to Nicholas II, letter of October 21, 1914, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 1065.

5. Dassel, 10–14, 38–39; Marie Nikolaievna, diary entry of December 31, 1916, in Zvereva and Zverev, 238–240.

6. Dassel, 10–15, 36–37; Dassel, affidavit of April 19, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 130–131; I. V. Stepanov, in Zvereva and Zverev, 303–304.

7. I. V. Stepanov, in Zvereva and Zverev, 303–304.

8. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of September 4, 1915 (OS), in Zvereva and Zverev, 130.

9. Protocol of the Duke of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel and Otto Bornemann, September 19, 1927, Ian Lilburn Collection; Dassel, 28–29; Dassel, testimony of April 24, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 352–366; Tatiana Botkin, affidavit, May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.

10. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of October 28, 1914 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 406.

11. Spiridovich, vol. 2, chap. 18, translated and provided by Rob Moshein.

12. См. запись в дневнике Николая II, сделанную 5/18 июня 1915 года в ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, Д. 259; Timms, 122, № 164.

13. Letter from Vassili Koliubakin to Peter Kondzerovski, August 21, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 118–119.

14. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Nicholas II, letter of September 4, 1915 (OS), in Zvereva and Zverev, 130.

15. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 166; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 220.

16. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 221.

17. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 166.

18. Vorres, 138.

19. Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna, diary entry of March 15, 1910 (OS), in Maylunas and Mironenko, 331.

20. See Fuhrmann, 84–92, for details; Maylunas and Mironenko, 331.

21. Письмо Александры Феодоровны Николаю II от 21 октября 1914 года в ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, Д. 1150.

22. In Maylunas and Mironenko, 507.

23. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 247; Benckendorff, 42; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 209–211; Vyrubova, 204–205; Dehn, 159–160.

24. Dehn, 151–152.

25. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 254; Benckendorff, 6–9; Dehn, 156.

26. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 254; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 212; Dehn, 156; Vyrubova, 206–207.

27. Dehn, 158.

28. Ibid.

29. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 215–216; Dehn, 151–152.

30. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 186; Benckendorff, 33.

31. Vyrubova, 218.

32. Benckendorff, 33; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 284.

33. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 284.

34. Benckendorff, 78–79.

35. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 297–299; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 228–230.

36. Benckendorff, 71; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 297–299; Vyrubova, 212–213.

37. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 299; Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 229.

38. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 231–232.

39. Запись в дневнике Пьера Жильяра, сделанная 24 июня 1917 года, в книге Жильяра «Thirteen Years», 232–233; Бенкендорф, 86–87; Запись в дневнике Николая II, сделанная 10/23 июня 1915 года в ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, Д. 265.

40. Botkin, Au Temps des Tsars, 66.

41. Anastasia Nikolaievna, letter of August 17, 1917, in Trewin, 75.

42. Bulygin and Kerensky, 130.

43. See King and Wilson, 49–50.

44. Ibid., 70.

45. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 311–312.

46. Olga Nikolaievna to Anna Vyrubova, letter of December 10, 1917, in Vyrubova, 308.

47. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 240.

48. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.

49. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc.

50. Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.

51. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 240–242.

52. Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.

53. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 244–245.

54. Vyrubova, 309.

55. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 316.

56. Gleb Botkin, affidavit, July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 160, 266–267; Botkin, Lost Tales, vii.

57. Alexandra Feodorovna to Anna Vyrubova, letter of December 15, 1917, in Vyrubova, 316.

58. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55; Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31.

59. Trewin, 82–83.

60. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 254.

61. Ibid., 255; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 322–333.

62. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.

4. «Я и думать не мог, что мне не суждено будет увидеть их снова»

1. Volkov, 122.

2. See King and Wilson, 80–99.

3. Anastasia Nikolaievna to Marie Nikolaievna, letter of May 7, 1918, in Maylunas and Mironenko, 619–620.

4. Bulygin and Kerensky, 232.

5. Alexandra Tegleva, in Sokolov, 105; also letter from Minister of Justice Starynkevich to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Executive Board, Omsk, February 19, 1919, original in authors’ possession, quoted in King and Wilson, 136.

6. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 264–265; Sokolov, 109.

7. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 336; Alexandra Tegleva, deposition of July 5–6, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 36.

8. Volkov, 123–125.

9. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 107–108; Gleb Botkin, affidavit, July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

10. Николай II, запись в дневнике, сделанная 23 мая 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, Д. 266.

11. Buxhoeveden, Left Behind, 73–75.

12. Bykov, 74; Kobylinsky, testimony of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 29; Charles Sidney Gibbes, testimony of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31; Volkov, 126; Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 336.

13. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 269–270.

14. Anatoly Yakimov, statement of May 7–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18; statement of Paul Medvedev, February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; see also King and Wilson, 105 passim.

15. Nicholas II, diary entry of May 23, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.

16. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of May 27, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326.

17. Charles Sidney Gibbes, testimony of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 31; Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; Alexander Nametkin, «Protocol of the Inspection of the Upper Floor of the Ipatiev House», August 2–3 and 6–8, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 27; Trewin, 148; Nicholas II, diary entry of May 23, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.

18. Telberg and Wilton, 212.

19. Ibid., 295.

20. See King and Wilson, chap. 5.

21. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 282.

22. Gilliard, statement of March 5, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55.

23. Telberg and Wilton, 295.

24. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

25. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 55; Sokolov, Enquete, 130.

26. Telberg and Wilton, 296.

27. Colonel Eugene Kobylinsky, statement of April 6–10, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc.

28. Telberg and Wilton, 295.

29. See King and Wilson, chap. 5.

30. Alexander Nametkin, «Protocol of the Inspection of the Upper Floor of the Ipatiev House,» August 2–3 and 6–8, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 27; Ivan Sergeyev, statement on inspection of the Ipatiev House, August 11–14, 1918, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 1, doc. 19; Nicholas Sokolov, statement on inspection of the Ipatiev House, April 15–25, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 3, doc. 42.

31. Philip Proskuryakov, testimony of April 1–3, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 17; Avdayev, 202–203.

32. Alexandra Feodorovna, diary entry of June 18, 1918, in GARF, F. 640, Op. 1, D. 326; Yakov Yurovsky, «Memoirs,» 1922, in APRF, F. 3, Op. 58, D. 280; Avdayev, 202.

33. Avdayev, 202.

34. Александра Феодоровна, запись в дневнике, сделанная 18 июня 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф. 640. Оп. 1, Д. 326.

35. Яков Юровский, «Мемуары», 1922, АПРФ, Ф.3, Оп. 58, Д. 280.

36. Alexander Strekotin, in Speranski, 56.

37. Ibid.

38. See King and Wilson, 222 passim.

39. Николай II, запись в дневнике, сделанная 25–26 июня 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, D. 266; Александра Феодоровна, запись в дневнике, сделанная 26 июня 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф. 640. Op. 1, D. 326.

40. Nicholas II, diary entry of June 26, 1918, in GARF, F. 601, Op. 1, D. 266.

41. See King and Wilson, 251 passim.

42. Яков Юровский, «Мемуары», 1922, АПРФ, Ф.3, Оп. 58, Д. 280.

43. Father Ioann Vladimirovich Storozhev, in Sokolov, 124–126.

44. Sokolov, 127.

45. Maria Starodumova, statement of November 11, 1918, in Sokolov, 128.

46. Speranski, 118–122.

47. Александра Феодоровна, запись в дневнике, сделанная 16 июля 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф.640. Оп. 1, Д. 326.

48. Sokolov, 138.

49. Александра Феодоровна, запись в дневнике, сделанная 16 июля 1918 года; ГАРФ, Ф.640. Оп. 1, Д. 326.

50. Preston, 102.

51. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

52. Telberg and Wilton, 306; Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

53. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18; Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86; Telberg and Wilton, 309.

54. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

55. Philip Proskuryakov, testimony of April 1–3, 1919, in Telberg and Wilton, 154.

56. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

57. Telberg and Wilton, 310.

58. Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86.

59. Telberg and Wilton, 310.

60. Anatoly Yakimov, testimony of May 9–11, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 5, doc. 18.

61. Telberg and Wilton, 310.

62. Paul Medvedev, statement of February 21–22, 1919, in Sokolov Archive, vol. 2, doc. 86.

63. Telberg and Wilton, 347–349.

64. Ibid., 349.

65. Ibid., 343.

66. See the Times, London, February 18, 1919.

67. Telberg and Wilton, 327.

68. See Gilliard and Savitch, 24.

69. See Summers and Mangold, 190.

70. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 299–300.

71. See Summers and Mangold, 320 passim.

72. Benckendorff, 132.

73. Ibid., 140 and 147.

74. Dehn, 238.

75. Vyrubova, 344.

76. King George V, diary entry of July 25, 1918, in Rose, 216.

77. Queen Marie of Romania to Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrov-na, letter of September 19, 1918, in Hall and Van Der Kiste, 137.

78. Alexander Mikhailovich, Always a Grand Duke, 7–8.

79. Hall, Little Mother, 342; Alexander Mikhailovich, Always a Grand Duke, 212; Marie Pavlovna, Princess in Exile, 102.

80. Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, to Eleonore, grand duchess of Hesse, letter of August 13, 1918, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

81. See Vickers, 140–143.

82. Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

83. Hough, 326.

5. Воскресение

1. Davis, 19.

2. Blucher, 24.

3. Rosenberg, 90.

4. Blucher, 100.

5. Blucher, 122–127, 136; Davis, 24, 165, and chap. 3.

6. Blucher, 102, 162.

7. Ibid., 256.

8. Ibid., 287.

9. Gill, Dance, 57.

10. Friedrich, 82–83.

11. Kurth, 15; Friedrich, 82 passim.

12. Marie Pavlovna, Princess in Exile, 131.

13. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89.

14. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 16, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII/5144–5151; Berliner Nachtausgabe, Berlin, April 11, 1927; Nicholas von Schwabe, affidavit, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.

15. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89.

16. Statement of Dr. Theodor Eitel, December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

17. Undated notes by Rathlef-Keilmann, quoted in Kurth, 3.

18. Berlin Police bulletin of February 18, 1920, in Krug von Nidda, 89; Nicholas von Schwabe, affidavit, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.

19. Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 30.

20. Auclères, 33.

21. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, quoted in Kurth, 7; Bonhoeffer Report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; National Tidende, Copenhagen, January 16, 1926; Konigsberg Allgemeine Zeitung, no. 110, March 7, 1927.

22. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

23. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, quoted in Kurth, 6; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

24. New York Times, February 14, 1928.

25. Rathlef-Keilmann, 41.

26. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann Notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

27. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138.

28. Horan, 137.

29. These medical reports are delineated in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln.

30. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, and his own report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

31. Dr. Lothar Nobel, statement, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

32. Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

33. Opinion concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky, Hans Willige, November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 328–330, and XII, 1985–1994.

34. Dr. Lothar Nobel, statement, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

35. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Horan, 133; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Kurth, 8; Gilliard and Savitch, 36.

36. Kurth, 85; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; opinion concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky, Hans Willige, November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 328–330 and XII, 1985–1994.

37. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report of February 18, 1920, in his report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

38. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting the Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report, in his report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

39. Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, and XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Friedrich Reiche, affidavit of July 19, 1929, in Hamburg, XX, 3781–3783; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting Elisabeth Hospital patient admissions report, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

40. Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, and XIV, 2485–2488.

41. Dominique Auclères, in Le Figaro, February 5, 1965, and in Le Figaro, September 24, 1969.

42. Dr. Theodor Eitel, statement of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; opinion concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky, Hans Willige, November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 328–330, and XII, 1985–1994.

43. Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Rudnev, report, March 1926, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134ff, and XIV, 2485–2488.

44. Gilliard and Savitch, 180, citing the records of the Elisabeth Hospital.

45. Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter of June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

46 Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, quoting the Dalldorf Hospital patient admissions report, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

47. Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 30–31.

48. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Kurth, 7.

49. Kurth, 6.

50. Report of Dr. Gorz, May 30, 1920, and letter of Dr. Gorz to Dr. Serge Kastritsky, December 15, 1928, quoted in letter of Mme L. Kastritsky-Proce to Dr. Berenberg-Gossler, March 4, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5718; Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 170.

51. Report of Dr. Gorz, May 30, 1920, and letter of Dr. Gorz to Dr. Serge Kastritsky, December 15, 1928, quoted in letter of Mme L. Kastritsky-Proce to Dr. Berenberg-Gossler, March 4, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI/5718; Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Gilliard and Savitch, 36.

53. Statement of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, June 27, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

54. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

55. Statement of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, June 27, 1929, in Bln III, loose; testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

56. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

57. Notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records and bulletin of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, cited in Kurth, 7.

58. Statement of Bertha Walz, June 17, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4479; statement of Emilie Barfknecht, June 12, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478; testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

59. Statement of Serge Botkin, March 1929, in Peter Kurth collection.

60. Statement of Erna Buchholz, June 17, 1922, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 98, and statement of July 22, 1940, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 98–101.

61. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

62. Kurth, 8, 11; testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

63. Bonhoeffer, report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

64. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

65. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.

66. See Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, no. 43, vol. 23, October 23, 1921.

67. Statement of Bertha Walz, June 17, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4479.

68. Statement of Emilie Barfknecht, June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

69. Statement of Erna Buchholz, June 17, 1922, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 98.

70. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

71. Ibid.

6. Неизвестная

1. In «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln.

2. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

3. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Gilliard and Savitch, 29.

4. Information to the authors from Ian Lilburn.

5. Statement of Marie Clara Peuthert, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2535–2537.

6. Statement of Emilie Barfknecht, June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

7. Ibid.

8. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Gilliard and Savitch, 29; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 35.

9. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Gilliard and Savitch, 32, 111.

10. Statement of Emilie Barfknecht, June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

11. Kurth, 21; Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 35.

12. Kurth, 16; Friedrich, 95.

13. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Zenaide Tolstoy to Baron von Kleist, letter of August 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 39.

14. Zenaide Tolstoy to Baron von Kleist, letter of August 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 38–39; Botkin, Anastasia, 26.

15. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 34.

16. Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 34–36.

17. Ibid., 34–35.

18. Louis, Earl Mountbatten of Burma, to Prince Louis of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

19. Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 36.

20. Rathlef-Keilmann, 35.

21. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

22. Gilliard and Savitch, 46.

23. Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

24. Written request of March 22, 1922, from Baron Arthur von Kleist to the director of Dalldorf Asylum, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

25. Affidavit of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534.

26. Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; certificate of release of Fraulein Unbekannt to Baron von Kleist, from Dalldorf patient file 394, signed by Fischer, municipal assistant of Dalldorf, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

27. Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 39.

28. Auclères, 45; Kurth, 29; testimony of Baroness Gerda von Kleist in Hamburg, November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5158–5165; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

29. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 47; verdict of the Bundesgerichthof (West German Federal Supreme Court), Karlsruhe, February 17, 1970, appended to Hamburg, loose.

30. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

31. Nicholas von Schwabe to Pierre Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 114–115; information to the authors from Robert K. Massie; Gilliard and Savitch, 82; Nicholas von Schwabe to Pierre Gilliard, letter of December 12, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 110; Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166.

32. Nicholas von Schwabe to Pierre Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 113–114.

33. Nicholas von Schwabe to Pierre Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 113–114; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166.

34. Testimony of Baroness Gerda von Kleist, November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5158–5165.

35. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 47; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, certified February 1, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 47; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

36. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gillard and Savitch, 47; verdict of the Bundesgerichthof (West German Federal Supreme Court), Karlsruhe, February 17, 1970, appended to Hamburg, loose; Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

37. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 25.

38. Zenaide Tolstoy, affidavit of May 3, 1929, cited in Kurth, 403, n. 40.

39. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

40. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 46.

41. Ibid., 48.

42. Gilliard and Savitch, 112.

43. Testimony of Baroness Gerda von Kleist, May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 551–562.

44. Ibid.

45. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48.

46. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 19, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

47. Schiller report, cited in Kurth, 32.

48. Kurth, 399, n.18.

49. Gilliard and Savitch, 38.

50. Ibid.; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; Zenaide Tolstoy, affidavit of May 3, 1929, quoted in Kurth, 30; Gilliard and Savitch, 70–71.

51. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

52. Testimony of Baroness Gerda von Kleist, November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, III, 551–562; Kurth, 32; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

53. Auclères, 234.

54. Krug von Nidda, 92.

55. Cited in Kurth, 55.

56. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

57. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; Gilliard and Savitch, 41.

58. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

59. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Rathlef-Keilmann, 172; Wilhelm Voller, affidavit, April 29, 1927, in Hamburg, XXII, 4270.

60. Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 41–42.

61. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

62. See Kurth, 49–50; Hamburg, summary of evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 41–43.

7. Рассказ о спасении

1. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 22, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

2. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

3. Rathlef-Keilmann, 23.

4. Ibid., 89.

5. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48.

6. Rathlef-Keilmann, 90.

7. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 52.

8. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

9. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48.

10. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51.

11. AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, page 8, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

12. Rathlef-Keilmann, 93; see Kurth, 400, n. 33; AA, conversations with Alexei Miliukov, August 20, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.

13. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 20, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

14. Statement of Baron von Kleist, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51–52; AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 21, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

15. Statement of Baron von Kleist, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51–52; AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 21, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

16. Zenaide Tolstoy to Baron Arthur von Kleist, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Gertrude Spindler to former Russian ambassador in Bucharest Pokloevsky-Kozell, in Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 146; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 52; statement of Dr. Sonnenschein of St. Mary’s Hospital, in Ian Lilburn Collection; Rathlef-Keilmann, 91–93.

17. Rathlef-Keilmann, 91.

18. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51–52; Pokloevsky-Kozell, letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 146; Bonhoeffer report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

19. Rathlef-Keilmann, 91–92.

20. Auclères, 235.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, 31.

22. Rathlef-Keilmann, 94–95; Gertrude Spindler to former Russian ambassador in Bucharest Pokloevsky-Kozell, in Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 146; AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of December 9, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

23. AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, p. 7, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

24. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49.

25. Statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection; AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of December 9, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

26. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49.

27. Kurth, 34.

28. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 52; letter of Inspector Franz Grunberg, June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

29. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

30. Rathlef-Keilmann, 30–31.

31. Affidavit of Agnes Gallagher, December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

32. Krug von Nidda, 99.

33. Statement of Baron Arthur Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49–50; Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter of June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

34. Statement of Baron Arthur Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49–50; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51–52; letter of Inspector Franz Grunberg, June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545; statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

35. Statement of Baron Arthur Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49.

36. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 52.

37. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 52; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, August 10, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 50; statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

38. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49.

39. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 18, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.

40. Gertrude Spindler to former Russian ambassador in Bucharest Pokloevsky-Kozell, in Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 147.

41. Bonhoeffer report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; statement of Dr. Theodor Eitel, December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, 10, in Ian Lilburn Collection; statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

42. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 53.

43. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49–50; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 46.

44. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 7, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 46; statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48; Gertrude Spindler to former Russian ambassador in Bucharest Pokloevsky-Kozell, in Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 147; Bonhoeffer report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Rathlef-Keilmann, 31.

45. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49.

46. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, June 20, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 48.

47. Rathlef-Keilmann, 32.

48. Rathlef-Keilmann, 32; Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 53.

49. Statement of Dr. Theodor Eitel, December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

50. Statement of Dr. Karl Sonnenschein, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

51. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 53.

52. Franz Svoboda, affidavit of November 19, 1928, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 4–47; Svoboda, statement of December 12, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 41–52; Svoboda, statement of February 21, 1940, in Hamburg, Bln IV, 40.

53. Heinrich Kleibenzetl, statement of July 28, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVI, 4911–4924, 4935–4941.

54. Alexei Golovine, statement of February 25, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4677–4680; Alois Hochleitner, statement of April 8, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4465; Olga Vissor, statement in Rathlef-Keilmann, 207; Dr. Gunther Bock, testimony of November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5159, 5166; Julius Homberg to Rathlef-Keilmann, letter of April 20, 1929, cited in Kurth, 45; Arthur Rohse, testimony of November 20, 1956, in Hamburg, VII, 69–70.

55. Rathlef-Keilmann, 207; Heinrich Kleibenzetl, testimony of July 28, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVI, 4911–4924, 4935–4941; Alois Hochleitner, statement of April 8, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4465; Auclères, 25–27; Dr. Vladimir Poletyka, statement of May 23, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4468–4470.

56. Arthur Rohse, testimony of November 20, 1956, in Hamburg VII, 69–70.

57. Gilliard and Savitch, 24; Count Carl Bonde, statement in letter of October 13, 1952, to Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, in Hamburg, Bln V, 96.

58. Sokolov, 155, 158; see Rathlef-Keilmann, 196.

59. Declaration of Constantine Anastasiou, April 8, 1926, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 220–222.

60. Statement of Sarcho Gregorian, quoted in memorandum of Lieutenant General Heroua, Romanian Ministry of the Interior, Criminal and Police Department, Bucharest, May 4, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 223–224.

61. See Lieutenant Colonel Werner Hassenstein, testimony of May 6, 1955, in Hamburg, XVIII, 3113–3118; Heinrich Dietz, testimony of August 27, 1958, in Hamburg, VIII, 3344.

62. See Rathlef-Keilmann, 217–218; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 107; Kurth, 62–63; the reverse of the photograph is in Rathlef-Keilmann, illustration 35, facing p. 209.

63. Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin dated May 17, 1926, in Gilliard, False Anastasia, 145–150.

64. Statement of Baron Arthur von Kleist, quoting Zenaide Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 150; Kurth, 402, n. 88.

65. Pokloevsky-Kozell letter to Serge Botkin, May 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 150.

66. Princess Ileana of Romania to Brien Horan, 1972, in Horan, 39.

8. Призрак из прошлого?

1. Konrad Wahl to Ian Lilburn and Peter Kurth, in Kurth, 54.

2. See Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter dated June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

3. Statement of Serge Botkin, March 1929, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

4. See Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter dated June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

5. Private information to the authors.

6. Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter dated June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

7. Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, in Gilliard and Savitch, 43; Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, statement of July 31, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 185.

8. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg to AA and Alexei Miliukov, March 12, 1967, Miliukov tapes.

9. Testimony of Eleonore von Oertzen, September 16, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 951–953.

10. Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter dated June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

11. Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, in Gilliard and Savitch, 43; Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, statement of July 31, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 185.

12. Krug von Nidda, 196.

13. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 25, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

14. Inspector Franz Grunberg, letter dated June 19, 1925, in Hamburg, XIV, 2540–2545.

15. AA to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of August 13, 1924, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

16. AA to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, postcard dated August 30, 1924, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

17. Marie Clara Peuthert to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter dated September 10, 1924, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

18. Secretary Gaebel to Baroness Marie von Kleist, letter dated September 21, 1924, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

19. Horan, 84.

20. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, quoted in Summers and Mangold, 218.

21. Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich to Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, letter dated February 10, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2549.

22. Lyons, Note 52.

23. Nicholas Sablin, quoted in Spiridovich to Gilliard, letter dated December 8, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 39–40.

24. Kurth, 59.

25. Nicholas Sablin, quoted in Spiridovich to Gilliard, letter dated December 8, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 39–40.

26. Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

27. See Gilliard and Savitch, 37.

28. Kurth, 60–65.

29. Botkin, Anastasia, 355.

30. See Botkin, Real Romanovs, 262; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 77.

31. Rathlef-Keilmann, 18–19; Kurth, 99.

32. Auclères, 70.

33. Rathlef-Keilmann, 19.

34. Gilliard and Savitch, 80.

35. Zahle to Gilliard, letter dated August 4, 1925, and Zahle to Gilliard, letter dated August 26, 1925, in Gilliard and Savitch, 68.

36. Gilliard and Savitch, 73.

37. Dr. Ludwig Berg to Gilliard, letter dated January 13, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 61.

38. Rathlef-Keilmann, 28.

39. Ibid., 129–130.

40. Amy Smith, testimony of December 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5387–5409.

41. Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig of Hesse to Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, letter dated February 7, 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

42. Nancy Leeds Wynkoop to Brien Horan, 1972, quoted in Horan, 49.

43. See Cecilie, crown princess of Prussia, affidavit of October 2, 1953, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4696–4699.

44. Vorres, 173; Rathlef-Keilmann, 47.

45. Rathlef-Keilmann, 18.

46. Kurth, 102.

47. Ibid., 59.

48. Kurth, 99.

49. Rathlef-Keilmann, 48–49.

50. Rathlef-Keilmann, statement of July 1925, in Ian Lilburn Collection; Rathlef-Keilmann, 50.

51. Rathlef-Keilmann, 50.

52. Алексей Волков, цитируется по газете «Последние новости» 10, № 1733, 15 января 1936 года.

53. Rathlef-Keilmann, statement of July 1925, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

54. Rathlef-Keilmann, 52.

55. Ibid., 51–52.

56. Dr. Serge Ostrogorsky, affidavit of May 21, 1929, cited in Kurth, 123.

57. Rathlef-Keilmann, 77.

58. Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter dated December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

59. Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna to Alexandra Gilliard, letter dated July 23, 1925, in Gilliard and Savitch, 64.

60. Gilliard and Savitch, 58.

61. Ibid., 65.

62. Rathlef-Keilmann, 57.

63. Gilliard and Savitch, 66; Gilliard to Vladimir Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307; Gilliard to Zahle, letter dated June 13, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 81.

64. Gilliard to Zahle, letter dated June 13, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 81; Rathlef-Keilmann, 57.

65. Gilliard to Zahle, letter dated June 13, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 81.

66. Kurth, 107.

67. Rathlef-Keilmann, 57.

68. Gilliard and Savitch, 67.

9. Встреча в Берлине

1. Hall, Little Mother, 342; Alexander Mikhailovich, Always a Grand Duke, 7, 212; Marie Pavlovna, Princess in Exile, 102.

2. Xenia Alexandrovna to Michael Thornton, quoted in Thornton to Phenix, letter of January 10, 1998, in Phenix, 237.

3. See Bella Cohen, New York Times, March 28, 1926.

4. Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

5. Zahle to Gilliard, letter of October 16, 1925, in Gilliard and Savitch, 69.

6. Rathlef-Keilmann, 105.

7. Gilliard and Savitch, 70.

8. Rathlef-Keilmann, 98.

9. AA (signed as Anastasia Tchaikovsky), affidavit of August 10, 1938, Berlin, in Hamburg, Bln I, 92–100.

10. Cohen in New York Times, March 28, 1926.

11. Gilliard and Savitch, 70.

12. Olga Alexandrovna to Anatole Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

13. Rathlef-Keilmann, 106.

14. Vorres, 174.

15. Rathlef-Keilmann, statement of November 20, 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 2261–2270; Gilliard and Savitch, 70–71; Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

16. Rathlef-Keilmann, 99.

17. Gilliard and Savitch, 70–72; Vorres, 175.

18. Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

19. Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, letter of August 4, 1926, quoted in Auclères, 72–73; Rathlef-Keilmann, 102.

20. Zahle report, undated, quoted in Auclères, 74.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, statement of November 20, 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 2261–2270.

22. Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, letter of August 4, 1926, quoted in Auclères, 72–73.

23. Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

24. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter of July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

25. Gilliard and Savitch, 72–75.

26. See Nicholas von Schwabe, statement of June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of December 12, 1926 in Hamburg, Bln III, 208; Gilliard and Savitch, 72–75; Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

27. Gilliard and Savitch, 75.

28. Olga Alexandrovna to Gilliard, letter of November 1, 1925, quoted in Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

29. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

30. Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, letter of August 4, 1926, quoted in Auclères, 72–74.

31. Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

32. Rathlef-Keilmann, 106.

33. Gilliard to Zahle, letter of June 13, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 82.

34. Rathlef-Keilmann, 107.

35. Ibid., 106.

36. Olga Alexandrovna to Zahle, letter of October 31, 1925, in Hamburg, XXXII, 6025–6026.

37. Undated letter from Olga Alexandrovna to AA, quoted in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 33.

38. «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 33–34.

39. Alexandra Gilliard to Lillian Zahle, letter of December 14, 1925, cited in Kurth, 124.

40. National Tidende, Copenhagen, January 16, 1926.

41. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II/281–307.

42. See Cohen, New York Times, March 28, 1926. Cohen claimed to have heard details of the visits not only from Rathlef-Keilmann but also from the Gilliards at the Danish legation, an unlikely assertion that has proved impossible to verify. Aside from erroneously claiming that Frau Tchaikovsky had not been warned in advance of her visitors, and had greeted Olga Alexandrovna by name, Cohen’s article inaccurately insisted, among other things, that the patient «bears bullet wounds on her body and scars of a knife on her face and skull»; that Professor Serge Rudnev had treated Anastasia in 1914; and that while delirious, the patient had spoken in Russian to Professor Rudnev – the latter something that, had it actually occurred, would certainly have been noted by Rathlef-Keilmann.

43. Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of February 10, 1958, at the West German consulate in New York City, in Hamburg, IV, 749–751.

44. Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of March 14, 1927, quoted in Horan, 104.

45. See Rathlef-Keilmann, 107; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 41–42.

47. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of March 14, 1927, quoted in Horan, 103.

48. Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, letter of August 4, 1926, quoted in Auclères, 72–73; Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

49. Zahle to Serge Botkin, letter of November 26, 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 2271–2272.

50. Zahle questionnaire, October 31, 1938, in Hamburg, XVIII, 7–16.

51. Rathlef-Keilmann, statement of March 15, 1926, in Hamburg, XVI, 133–137.

52. Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, letter of August 4, 1926, quoted in Auclères, 72–73; Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

53. See Rathlef-Keilmann, 236; affidavit of Dr. Serge Rudnev, April 9, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4480; affidavit of Dr. Serge Rudnev, July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; Gilliard and Savitch, 71–76; Cohen, New York Times, March 28, 1926. Cohen’s article quoted Rudnev directly in stating – falsely – that he had personally treated Anastasia in 1914; apparently, either he or Rathlef-Keilmann had let this «fact» be known in Berlin circles; when Zahle related this to Gilliard, the latter confronted both the surgeon and Rathlef-Keilmann on the claim, and each protested that they had never said such a thing, blaming the other for the error. See Gilliard and Savitch, 75–78.

54. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

55. Gilliard and Savitch, 190.

56. Rathlef-Keilmann to Gilliard, letter of January 16, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 192.

57. Kurth, 408, n. 55. Gilliard burned these papers – his entire dossier on AA’s case – after the 1957 verdict against her by a Berlin court, on the presumption that it had come to an end and he would have no need of them in the future. He explained this when he took the witness stand during her civil trial. See Gilliard, testimony of March 29, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 239–247.

58. Private information to the authors.

59. See Auclères, 199–200.

60. Gilliard to Count Schulenberg, letter of December 8, 1925, in Gilliard and Savitch, 191.

61. Alexandra Gilliard to Lillian Zahle, letter of December 14, 1925, cited in Kurth, 124.

62. Gilliard to Zahle, letter of January 11, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 83.

63. Quoted in Kurth, 124.

64. Kurth, 124.

65. Zahle, letter of October 27, 1925, cited in Phenix, 153.

66. Alexandra Gilliard to Rathlef-Keilmann, letter of January 1926, quoted in Welch, 124.

67. Statement of Pierre and Alexandra Gilliard, January 21, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 175–176.

68. Zahle to Serge Botkin, letter of November 26, 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 2271–2272.

69. Summers and Mangold, 216.

70. Vorres, 177.

71. See notes and postcards of Olga Alexandrovna to AA, autumn 1925, in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 33–34.

72. Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

73. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

74. Zahle, report to the Danish Foreign Ministry, December 12, 1928, in Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 56.

75. Quoted in Kurth, 124.

76. Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

77. Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

78. Olga Alexandrovna to Tatiana Botkin, letter of August 30, 1926, in Hamburg, XXXIV/6370.

79. Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of January 1, 1927, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4368.

80. Ibid.

81. Phenix, 217.

82. Olga Alexandrovna, testimony of March 23, 1959, at the West German consulate in Toronto, in Hamburg, VII, 1298–1312.

83. See Botkin, Real Romanovs, 266; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 99.

84. Olga Alexandrovna, testimony of March 23, 1959, at the West German consulate in Toronto, in Hamburg, VII, 1298–1312.

85. Ibid.

86. See Kurth, 309.

87. Vorres, 174.

88. Vorres, 174; Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of December 4, 1925, in Hamburg, XIII, 2091–2092.

89. Vorres, 176.

90. Tikhon Kulikovsky to Kurth, letter of September 2, 1971, in Peter Kurth Collection.

10. «Если семья русского императора хочет, чтобы один из ее членов умер в канаве…»

1. Baron Osten-Sacken, letter of February 1926, quoted in Kurth, 129.

2. Olga Alexandrovna to Gilliard, letter of January 16, 1926, quoted in Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter of July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

3. Olga Alexandrovna to Mordvinov, letter of January 1, 1927, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4368.

4. Gilliard to Kokovtsov, letter dated July 18, 1926, in Hamburg, II, 281–307.

5. See Kurth, 118.

6. Zahle questionnaire, in Hamburg, XVIII, 7–16. King Christian X abruptly terminated Zahle’s investigation into the case, and when he retired, the former diplomat handed over all of his notes and files to the Danish Royal Archives. Those interested in Anderson’s case have long suspected that the dossiers Zahle turned over to King Christian X held important evidence in her favor. Repeated requests to Queen Margrethe II for access have always been refused, on the grounds that the papers are in the private family archives and thus not subject to ordinary disclosure. (See, for example, Spectator, London, July 18, 1992.) Private inquiries, however, now suggest that they remain restricted because the Danish minister was rather too adamant in expressing his own personal opinions of the royal personages involved and discussing private behavior unrelated to the claim that would prove embarrassing to the Romanovs and to their crowned relations.

7. Prince Friedrich Saxe-Altenburg to Brien Horan, December 1973, quoted in Horan, 47.

8. Ernst Ludwig to Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, letter dated February 2, 1927, in Staatsarchiv Darmstadt.

9. Serge Botkin to Andrei Vladimirovich, letter of April 1927, quoted in Kurth, 164.

10. Andrei Vladimirovich to P. S. von Kugelgen, letter of July 8, 1928, quoted in Rathlef-Keilmann, 12.

11. Zahle to Serge Botkin, letter of February 5, 1927, quoted in Krug von Nidda, 204–205.

12. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of November 30, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1595–1597.

13. Gilliard and Savitch, 101.

14. Graf, 151.

15. Kurth, 127.

16. Andrei Vladimirovich to Tatiana Botkin, letter of September 2, 1927, quoted in Auclères, 175.

17. Gilliard and Savitch, 102, 195–196.

18. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, March 14, 1927, quoted in Horan, 94.

19. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

20. Rathlef-Keilmann, 126.

21. Combined reports of letters from Rathlef-Keilmann to Serge Botkin, dated June 9, 1926, and from Rathlef-Keilmann to Zahle, dated June 10, 1926, cited in Kurth, 132.

22. Botkin, Anastasia, 335, n. 8.

23. Baron von Osten-Sacken to Serge Botkin, letter of June 29, 1926, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

24. Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488.

25. Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

26. Ibid.

27. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

28. Professor Saathof to Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, letter of December 7, 1927, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4508–4509.

29. Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

30. Tatiana Botkin to Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, undated letter, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 142–143; Nancy Leeds Wynkoop to Brien Horan, quoted in Horan, 112.

31. Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

32. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402.

33. Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

34. Kurth, 153.

35. Rathlef-Keilmann to Tatiana Botkin, letter of March 10, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

36. Kurth, 159–160; Botkin, Anastasia, 155.

11. «Какое-то непонятное очарование»

1. AA to Alexei Miliukov, April 23, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.

2. Details from Ob, Berger, and personal visits by the authors.

3. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 63.

4. Rathlef-Keilmann, 49; Kurth, 159; Belyakova, 224; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; diary of Faith Lavington, January 31, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

5. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 64.

6. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 48, 65; Belyakova, 41; Kournosoff, 5–7, 46, 63.

7. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 65; Belyakova, 227.

8. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 48, 65.

9. Belyakova, 222.

10. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 45; Gilliard and Savitch, 91.

11. Kurth, 182.

12. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Rathlef-Keilmann, letter of July 7, 1927, cited in Kurth, 184.

13. Kurth, 180; see diary of Faith Lavington, November 21, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

14. Rathlef-Keilmann, 111–112.

15. Ibid., 117.

16. Ibid., 111–116.

17. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

18. Rathlef-Keilmann, 155.

19. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Andrei Vladimirovich, letter of April 17, 1927, quoted in Rathlef-Keilmann, 154.

20. Statement of Duchess Nathalia of Leuchtenberg, Baroness Meller-Zakomelsky, November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

21. Statement of Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, March 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1253–1261; statement of Duchess Catherine of Leuchtenberg, March 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1261–1264.

22. Maria von Hesse, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 141–142.

23. Kurth, 127.

24. Gilliard and Savitch, 34, 77; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

25. Rathlef-Keilmann, 232.

26. See Bonhoeffer report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Gilliard and Savitch, 29, 110; testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; statement of Nicholas von Schwabe, June 10, 1922, in Hamburg, XIV, 2519–2534; Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, in Gilliard and Savitch, 110; Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 114–115; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166.

27. Rathlef-Keilmann, 232–233.

28. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer report, March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

29. Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

30. Testimony of Dr. Theodor Eitel, May 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VIII, 1406–1421.

31. Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426. This portion of Nobel’s statement, not surprisingly, was edited out before Rathlef-Keilmann published it in her book. See her reproduction of Nobel’s statement in Rathlef-Keilmann, 238–242.

32. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

33. Duchess Nathalia of Leuchtenberg, Baroness Meller-Zakomelsky, letter of December 11, 1974, to Brien Horan, quoted in Horan, 139.

34. Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, letter of March 5, 1961, quoted in Vorres, 239–240.

35. Duke Konstantin of Leuchtenberg, quoted in the Ottawa Citizen, December 1, 1964.

36. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Rathlef-Keilmann, 232–233; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

37. Statement of Rathlef-Keilmann, July 1925, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

38. This point was especially noted in the 1967 verdict of the Hanseatic Court of Appeals that reviewed Anderson’s case. See Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 217.

39. Dr. Ludwig Berg, statement of May 10, 1929, cited in Kurth, 86.

40. Affidavit of Tatiana Botkin, May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127; testimony of Dr. Theodor Eitel, May 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VIII, 1410.

41. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559; diary of Faith Lavington, September 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

42. See Rathlef-Keilmann, notes of June 30, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

43. Franz Jaenicke, statement of February 27, 1956, in Ian Lilburn collection; Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Rudnev affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138.

44. Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

45. Statement of Serge Botkin, March 1929, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

46. Auclères, 16.

47. Cited in Kurth, 131.

48. Baron Osten-Sacken to Serge Botkin, letter of June 29, 1926, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

49. Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402.

50. See diary of Vera von Klemenz, August 21, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 168; affidavit of Agnes Gallagher, December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

51. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2552–2557.

52. Diary of Faith Lavington, September 19, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

53. Ibid. September 26, 1927.

54. Ibid., November 15, 1927.

55. Ibid.

56. Agnes Wasserschleben, notes of July 28, 1929, in Hamburg, IV, 1017–1024.

57. Diary and notes of Vera von Klemenz, June 17, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 161.

58. Ibid., June 23, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 161–162.

59. Ibid., June 24, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 163.

60. Ibid., July 17, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 164.

61. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 309.

62. Ibid., 69.

63. Diary of Faith Lavington, September 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

64. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 48, 66; Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

65. Kurth, 166.

66. AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, 5, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

67. Kurth, 197.

68. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 45.

69. Ibid., 44.

70. Ibid., 45.

71. See Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 45; Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

72. Diary of Faith Lavington, February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

73. Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, letter of March 5, 1961, quoted in Vorres, 239–240.

74. See diary of Faith Lavington, December 16, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428; Gilliard and Savitch, 99.

75. Diary of Faith Lavington, September 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

76. Ibid., November 8, 1927.

77. Ibid., November 30, 1927.

12. Рождение мифа

1. See Gilliard and Savitch, 138; Madeleine Zanotti, statement of February 9, 1939, in Hamburg, Bln III, 167.

2. Alexander Conrad to Alexander Mikhailovich, letter of December 14, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 140–141.

3. Maria von Hesse, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 141.

4. Diary of Faith Lavington, January 31, February 13, and March 9, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

5. Ibid., January 31, 1928.

6. Prince Felix Yusupov to Gilliard, letter of December 10, 1928, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 144–145; see also Yusupov, 113–114.

7. Prince Felix Yusupov to Andrei Vladimirovich, letter of September 19, 1927, in Kurth, 186.

8. Auclères, 116.

9. AA to Alexei Miliukov, July 11, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

10. Statement of Anatole Mordvinov, Oberst-dorf, August 27, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 94.

11. Gilliard and Savitch, 94–95.

12. Ibid., 93.

13. Ibid., 94.

14. Auclères, 98.

15. Statement of Felix Dassel, April 19–20, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 130–131.

16. Drawn from Summers and Mangold, 227–228.

17. Testimony of Felix Dassel, April 22, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 475–476; protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

18. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection; Dassel, 26.

19. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

20. Ibid.

21. Ibid.

22. Testimony of Felix Dassel, April 24, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 352–366.

23. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

24. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection; Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.

25. Dassel, 28–29; testimony of Felix Dassel, April 24, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 352–366.

26. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

27. Dassel, 18–19; protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

28. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

29. Diary of Faith Lavington, September 19, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

30. Дневник Николая II (в ту пору цесаревича Николая), 16/27 апреля 1891 года, в ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Оп. 1, Д. 225.

31. Dassel, 37.

32. Diary of Vera von Klemenz, September 18, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 169.

33. Dassel, 36–37.

34. Dassel, 38–39; statement of Otto Bornemann, August 8, 1952, in Hamburg, Bln VI, 211–212.

35. Excerpts from the diary of Faith Lavington, September 19, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

36. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

37. Dassel, 34–35.

38. Protocol of Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg, Felix Dassel, and Otto Bornemann, Munich, September 19, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

39. Dassel, 47–48.

40. We are grateful to Tim Welsh for suggesting this last hypothesis.

41. Testimony of Felix Dassel, April 24, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 331–366.

42. Gerda von Kleist, Hamburg, May, 1958

43. Affidavit of Baroness Marie von Kleist, July 5, 1929, entered into evidence May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

44. See Illustrierte Blatt, Frankfurt, April 4, 1927; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 74.

45. Botkin, Anastasia, 18.

46. Baron Vassili Osten-Sacken, statement of July 1, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4512–4516; Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.

47. Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.

48. Botkin, Anastasia, 23.

49. Baron Vassili Osten-Sacken, statement of July 1, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4512–4516; Botkin, Anastasia, 27.

50. Tatiana Botkin, affidavit of May 2, 1929, in Hamburg, Bln I, 113–127.

51. Ibid.

52. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 209, 213; Gilliard and Savitch, 115.

53. Baron Osten-Sacken, affidavit, July 1, 1929, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4512–4516.

54. Olga Alexandrovna to Tatiana Botkin, letter dated August 30, 1926, in Hamburg XXXIV, 6370.

55. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 273.

56. Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

57. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 260–262; private information to the authors.

58. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 260.

59. Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

60. Ibid.

61. See Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 260–267.

62. Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

63. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 287.

64. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 60.

65. Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

66. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 53–54; Rathlef-Keilmann, 183.

67. Rathlef-Keilmann, 183; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 286; Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

68. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 286; Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

69. Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; Rathlef-Keilmann, 183.

70. Klier and Mingay, 152.

13. «Крайне неприятное впечатление»

1. See Kurth, 156.

2. See, for example, Rathlef-Keilmann, 112–114, and Kurth, 126 and 276.

3. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 147–149; Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

4. Prince Christopher of Greece, 219.

5. Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of March 16–17, 1959, at the West German consulate in New York City, in Hamburg, VII, 1214–1230.

6. Diary of Faith Lavington, February 13, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

7. Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

8. Kurth, 208–209; AA to Alexei Miliukov, April 17, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

9. Kurth, 210.

10. AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, p. 8, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

11. New York Herald Tribune, February 10, 1928.

12. Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of March 16–17, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1214–1230.

13. Ibid.

14. Ibid.

15. Ibid.

16. Margharita Derfelden, affidavit of April 22, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1329–1337.

17. See Horan, 141.

18. Ibid.

19. Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of March 16–17, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1214–1230.

20. Kurth, 217; Chavchavadze, 236.

21. Princess Nina Georgievna to Brien Horan, quoted in Horan, 144–145.

22. Xenia Georgievna, Mrs. Herman Jud, testimony of March 16–17, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1214–1230.

23. In Literary Digest 98 (July 7, 1928): 37.

24. Hall and Van Der Kiste, 233.

25. Prince Christopher of Greece, 223.

26. See Auclères, 184.

27. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 170.

28. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 275–276.

29. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of December 25, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

30. See Kurth, 221–224.

31. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 239–244; Gleb Botkin, deposition of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; AA, affidavit of August 10, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 92–100.

32. Auclères, 184.

33. Kurth, 224.

34. Ibid., 227.

35. Walter Ruch, statement of May 2, 1961, in Hamburg, XV, 2698–2700.

36. Kurth, 226; private information to the authors.

37. О финансовом положении в империи см. Clarke, 98–102; Alexander Kerensky в Sokolov, 34–35; письмо Александры Феодоровны Николаю II от 27 августа 1915 года в ГАРФ Ф.601. Оп. 1, Д. 1149; Benckendorff, 89, 125; Vorres, 245.

38. AA, declaration of December 15, 1928, in Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 203; AA, affidavit of August 10, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 92–100; Gleb Botkin, deposition of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112.

39. See, for example, Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 201 passim; and Lovell, 193 passim.

40. Vorres, 179.

41. See Berkman, 149.

42. See Kurth, 233–235.

43. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

44. Gilliard and Savitch, 10; Kurth, 229.

45. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 238.

46. Gleb Botkin to Xenia Alexandrovna, letter of October 18, 1928, in Hamburg, VII, 1211–1213.

47. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 284–285.

48. Botkin, Anastasia, 201–203.

49. Kurth, 231–232.

50. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 7.

51. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 255, 265; Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 44, 223–226.

52. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 286.

53. Kurth, 232.

54. Ibid., 245–246.

55. Ibid., 250–251.

56. Ibid., 251.

14. Содержание двух книг

1. In Koenigsberg, Allgemeine Zeitung, 110, March 7, 1927.

2. See Pierre Gilliard in Journal de Geneve, June 15, 1927; in L’Illustration, June 25, 1927; and in Illustrated London News, July 16, 1927; Rathlef-Keilmann in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, articles in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

3. Rathlef-Keilmann, 14.

4. Ibid., 258.

5. Gilliard and Savitch, xi, 70.

6. Ibid., 210.

7. Ibid., xii.

8. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 91.

9. Kurth, 128; Auclères, 153.

10. Rathlef-Keilmann, 28.

11. Gilliard and Savitch, 123.

12. Rathlef-Keilmann to Gilliard, letter of January 1, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 123; Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 30, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

13. Rathlef-Keilmann to Gilliard, letter of January 25, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 116, reproduced on p. 117; Rathlef-Keilmann notes, December 8, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

14. See the diary of Nicholas II, June 5/18, 1915; Timms, p. 122, item 164.

15. Rathlef-Keilmann, 109.

16. Vassili Koliubakin to Peter Kondzerovski, letter of August 21, 1928, in Gilliard and Savitch, 118–119.

17. Rathlef-Keilmann, 85–86.

18. In «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/738,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 42.

19. Auclères, 154–156.

20. Diary of Vera von Klemenz, August 16, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 168.

21. Gilliard and Savitch, 120.

22. Auclères, 15.

23. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 108–109.

24. Kurth, 76.

25. Rathlef-Keilmann, 193.

26. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 23, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

27. Zahle to Gilliard, letter of November 4, 1925, in Gilliard and Savitch, 125.

28. Gilliard and Savitch, 126.

29. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 21, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

30. Rathlef-Keilmann, 76.

31. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 20, 1925, and June 21, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

32. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 30, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

33. Affidavit of Agnes Gallagher, December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

34. Kurth, 242.

35. AA, dictated answers to questions, May 8, 1929, 2–8, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

36. Hans Willige, «Opinion Concerning Frau Anna Tchaikovsky,» November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, XII, 1985–1994.

37. Information from Robert K. Massie to the authors; Kurth, 275.

38. Information from Robert K. Massie to the authors.

39. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 18, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

40. Kurth, 285; Horan, 153.

41. Kurth, 267; Paganuzzi, 16.

42. Kurth, 265.

43. Horan, 155; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

44. Cited in Horan, 154–155.

45. King, «Romanovs in Film,» 42; Kurth, 241.

46. King, «Romanovs in Film,» 43.

47. Maurette, 120.

48. Kurth, 425, Note 29; King, «Romanovs in Film,» 44.

49. Cited in Phenix, 216.

50. Lovell, 246.

51. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 14, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

15. Война среди эмигрантов

1. Quoted in Horan, 51.

2. See diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 7, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV/6402–6428.

3. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of February 16, 1928, quoted in Auclères, 178.

4. Andrei Vladimirovich to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of February 4, 1928, in Hamburg, XVII, 3119.

5. Botkin, Anastasia, 82.

6. Andrei Vladimirovich to Paul von Kuegelgen, letter of August 1, 1928, quoted in Rathlef-Keilmann, 11–12.

7. Graf, 152.

8. Andrei Vladimirovich to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of February 10, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2549. In 1974, on the death of his son Prince Vladimir Romanov, the dossier compiled by Andrei Vladimirovich on the claimant was taken by Grand Duke Vladimir Kirillovich, only son of Andrei’s brother Kirill Vladimirovich. It remains the private property of Vladimir’s daughter Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna and unavailable to historians. See Horan, 53.

9. Prince Vladimir Andreievich, in L’Aurore, Paris, February 23, 1960.

10. Horan, 52–53.

11. Princess Kira Kirillovna, testimony of September 20, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVI, 5003.

12. Ibid.

13. Crown Princess Cecilie of Prussia, affidavit of October 2, 1953, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4411–4412.

14. Princess Kira Kirillovna, testimony of September 20, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVI, 5003.

15. See Le Figaro, June 30, 1959, cited in Kurth, 59; Kurth, 257.

16. Ivan Arapov, affidavit of October 1, 1938, cited in Kurth, 275.

17. Paganuzzi, 16.

18. Private information to the authors.

19. Prince Sigismund of Prussia, affidavit of July 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 133; Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, affidavit of August 1, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 132.

20. See Kurth, 272–273.

21. Prince Sigismund of Prussia, affidavit of July 5, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 133.

22. From the collection of Brien Horan. Horan, a lawyer and a historian of the Anderson case, explained to the present authors: «In 1974 my friend Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg allowed me to copy the list of Prince Sigismund’s questions. The last time I saw him, in summer 1984, a few months before his death, we discussed the questions again, because he and his sister, the widow of Prince Sigismund, had then come to stay with me in Paris. Although in 1984 he was still of the view that releasing the questions would be unhelpful to Anna Anderson’s case, the fact that he allowed me to have a copy of them ‘for history’ is, in my opinion, an implicit recognition that he envisaged the possibility that future circumstances might make their publication appropriate. I think the time now has certainly come to make them available ‘for history,’ and I have now decided to do so.» Brien Horan to the authors.

23. Anna Vyrubova’s memoirs were published as Glanz und Untergang der Romanows in Berlin in 1927 by Amalthea Verlag. See also the diary of Faith Lavington, entry of September 19, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428; Agnes Wasserschleben, affidavit of July 28, 1929, in Hamburg, VI, 1017–1024. In Vyrubova could also be found the answers to questions 1, 2, 8, 11, 13, 15, 16, and 17, while Spiridovich also dealt with questions 1, 2, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18. See Vyrubova, 90–95; Spiridovich, vol. 2, chap. 12, translation provided to the authors by Rob Moshein.

25. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, affidavit of August 1, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 132.

26. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 101.

27. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

28. Summers and Mangold, 192.

29. Thornton, 39.

30. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, affidavit of August 1, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 132.

31. Charles Sidney Gibbes to Alexandra Gilliard, letter of September 17, 1926, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

32 Charles Sidney Gibbes to Alexander Mikhailovich, letter of December 1, 1928, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4403–4404.

33. Charles Sidney Gibbes, affidavit of April 17, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 495–497.

34. Ibid.

35. Rathlef-Keilmann, 70.

36. Welch, 220; AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 14, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

37. Trewin, 134.

38. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 102, 122.

39. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

40. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 125.

41. Ibid., 125–126; Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

42. Cited in Kurth, 288.

43. Dehn, 152 passim.

44. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35; see Dehn, 77–78, and Vyrubova, 62–63, on Tiutcheva, and Rathlef-Keilmann, 167–168, on AA’s previous discussion of this fact.

45. Lili Dehn, affidavit of November 5, 1957, in Hamburg, I, 28–35.

46. Ibid.

47. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 122.

48. Michael Fulda, grandson of Lili Dehn, to Greg King.

49. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

50. Tatiana Botkin to Brien Horan, quoted in Horan, appendix, n.p.

51. Information culled from several letters among Lord Mountbatten; Prince Ludwig of Hesse; and Ludwig’s wife, Princess Margaret of Hesse, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

16. Судебные процессы

1. Copy of Certificate of Inheritance, September 8, 1933, issued by the Central District Court (Amtsgericht) in Berlin, in Hamburg, I, 1–10.

2. Johann Meyer, testimony of December 13, 1956, in Hamburg, XIV, 2349–2354.

3. Decision of the High Court (Landesgericht), Berlin, February 2, 1957; Time, February 11, 1957; see also Summers and Mangold, 228–230; Kurth, 294.

4. Kurth, 295.

5. Private information to the authors.

6. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

7. Summers and Mangold, 213.

8. Ian Lilburn to Gleb Botkin, letter of May 1, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

9. Thornton, 38.

10. Godl.

11. Verdict of the Hanseatic High Court (Landesgericht), Hamburg, issued May 16, 1961, and appended to Hamburg, XXIV loose.

12. Kurth, 319–320, 323.

13. Cited in Horan, 5.

14. Summers and Mangold, 256.

15. Gertrude Lamedin, quoted in «Eine Rettung, die Mutterchen Russlands gelang?» by Gerhard Mauz, in Der Spiegel, March 6, 1967.

16. Ian Lilburn to Gleb Botkin, letter of May 1, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

17. Kurth, 322.

18. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

19. Receipt for nine exercise books, Hanseatic Court of Appeals (Oberlandesgericht), received into evidence April 22, 1964, in Hamburg, XX, 3834; Kurth, 340; Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

20. See Auclères, 240; Ian Lilburn to Alexander Nikitich, letter of October 10, 1965, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

21. Opinion of Georg Dulckheit, in Hamburg, XIII, 2068–2069.

22. See Item 7, «Book for Instruction in the Russian Language, Anastasia Nikolaievna, 1913,» with corrections by tutor Peter Petrov, entered into evidence April 22, 1964, in Hamburg XX, 3834.

23. Agnes Gallagher, affidavit of December 22, 1930, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4481–4493.

24. Auclères, 249.

25. Vorres, 174.

26. Baroness Sophie Buxhoeveden, statement of March 12, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 34–36.

27. Buxhoeveden, Life and Tragedy, 156.

28. Telberg and Wilton, 57; Gibbes, statement of July 1, 1919, in Sokolov archive, vol. 5, doc, 31.

29. Charles Sidney Gibbes, statement of April 17, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 495–497.

30. Gilliard, Thirteen Years, 70.

31. Gilliard and Savitch, 18, 70–71.

32. Gilliard, in The Illustrated London News, July 16, 1927, 102–103; Castelot, 416.

33. Item 8, exercise book «A. Romanova, February 16, 1916, Tsarskoye Selo,» receipt dated April 22, 1964, in Hamburg, XX, 3834.

34. Timetables for lessons, 1917–1918, from Pierre Gilliard papers, in Hamburg, XXI, 3966.

35. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of November 10, 1963, in authors’ collection.

36. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of September 3, 1964, in authors’ collection.

37. Rathlef-Keilmann, 41.

38. Ibid.

39. Rathlef-Keilmann, 103; report of Dr. Serge Rudnev, March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138.

40. Cohen, in New York Times, March 28, 1926; Rathlef-Keilmann, 103.

41. Rathlef-Keilmann, 104.

42. AA to Rathlef-Keilmann, June 29, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann notes in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

43. Rathlef-Keilmann, 78; Cohen, in New York Times, March 28, 1926.

44. See, for example, Rathlef-Keilmann, 210; Karl Wagner, statement of October 3, 1957, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6382.

45. Olga Alexandrovna to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, letter of December 22, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, 181–182.

46. F. van der Hoeven, statement of October 3, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 78–80; Vorres, 176.

47. See Auclères in Le Figaro, February 5, 1965, and Le Figaro, September 24, 1969; Kurth, 330–331.

48. Kurth, 331.

49. See, for example, Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Serge Rudnev, affidavit of July 18, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 134–138; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of November 21, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

50. Rathlef-Keilmann, 111.

51. Ibid., 157.

52. See statement of Dr. Serge Kastritsky, February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, X, 1868; Grey, 190.

53. Auclères, 130.

54. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

55. Report of Dr. Volker Kruger, January 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIII, 4294–4312. These plaster casts were admitted into evidence by the Hamburg High Court and are now in the court records holdings in the Staatsarchiv, Hamburg. They can be seen in the 1995 German documentary Anastasia: Zarentochter oder Hochstaplerin? (Anastasia: Tsar’s Daughter or Imposter?) by Maurice Philip Remy, an MPR Film und Fernsen Produktion GmbH, in cooperation with NDR Norddeutscher Rundfunk, 1995.

56. Professor Marc Bischoff, Report on the Tchaikovsky Matter, March 9, 1927, in Gillaird and Savitch, 153–157, and in Hamburg, Kurzbericht Archiv fur Kriminologie Band 88 S., 138–141; also Bischoff study, March 9, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln III, 207 loose.

57. Gilliard and Savitch, 159–161.

58. Rathlef-Keilmann, 173–174; In «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/38», pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln, 53; and Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

59. Gilliard and Savitch, 142.

60. Ibid.

61. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Princess Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

62. Gilliard and Savitch, 78.

63. Sergeant Riesling, Report on Comparison of Ears in the Matter of the Identity of Grand Duchess Anastasia of Russia, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, quoted in Gilliard and Savitch, 164–165, and submitted to Hamburg, in Hamburg, XXIV, 6438–6442.

64. «Study M» by Professor Dr. V. Müller-Hess and Professor Dr. F. Curtius, March 2, 1940, in Hamburg, XIII, 2104–2126.

65. «Study F,» report of Dr. Eugen Fischer, June 10, 1941, in Hamburg, XIII, 2175–2203.

66. «Study C,» Professor Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of December 29, 1955, in Hamburg, XIII, 2231–2256; also additional report and photo analysis submitted January 30, 1958, in Hamburg, I, 130–133.

67. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, submitted to Hamburg, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 710a; supplemental report, August 7, 1959, by Eickstadt and Klenke, in Hamburg, IX, 1616.

68. Kurth, 314.

69. Report of Professor Otto Reche, May 12, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1648–1724. Modern critics have pointed out that Reche was a former Nazi whose discredited racial blood theories had supported the Third Reich’s anti-Semitic policies; similar charges, though, could be leveled at many of the other German experts involved in both sides of Anderson’s case. Reche’s anthropological work in Anderson’s case was unrelated to his serology work with the Nazi regime and, as with the opinions of similar colleagues who testified for and against her claim, must stand or fall on its own merits.

70. Dr. Karl Clauberg, report of May 15, 1959, in Hamburg, VI, 37–42.

71. Lucy Weiszäcker, report of August 11, 1927, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5827.

72. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.

73. Minna Becker, report of September 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XI, 1909–1950.

74. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 154; Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 21, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; AA, dictated replies to questions, May 8, 1929, 3, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

75. Amy Smith, testimony of December 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5397–5409.

76. Prince Dimitri Golitsyn, testimony of September 24, 1965, Hamburg, XXXVII, 6595.

77. See Colonel Dimitri von Wonlar-Larsky to Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, letter of April 19, 1949, in Hamburg, VIII, 1584–1585; Baroness Marie Pilar von Pilchau, testimony of January 20, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 299; Elisabeth, infanta of Portugal, Princess Thurn und Taxis, testimony of June 21, 1963, in Hamburg, XVIII, 3658–3660.

78. Crown Princess Cecilie of Prussia, statement of October 2, 1953, in Hamburg XXIV, 4696–4699; Prince Friedrich of Schoenaich-Carolath, testimony of January 11, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5826–5827, and testimony of November 18, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXII, 5878–5883.

79. Fritz von Unruh, testimony of April 7, 1963, in Hamburg, XX, 3932.

80. Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

81. Baron Fabian von Massenbach, affidavit of April 21, 1939, in Hamburg, Bln III, 199–200; Viktoria Luise, 101.

82. «Aus Hessen Haus,» in Der Spiegel, August 2, 1961; see Kurth, 346–348; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, February 18–March 6, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX, 3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of February 18–March 4, 1916, in Hamburg, XIX/3735; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, field postcard of March 12, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6061; diaries of Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig, March 5–April 2, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIII, 6063–6076; Grand Duke Ernst Ludwig to Grand Duchess Eleonore, letters of March 5–April 7, 1916, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6399.

83. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 254.

84. Первое упоминание о возможной поездке появилось в номере немецкой газеты Königsberger Allgemaine Zeitung от 7 марта 1927 года, через два года после того, как Андерсон сделала свое полемическое заявление. О поездке также упоминалось в двух советских изданиях: «Монархия перед крушением: бумаги Николая II и другие документы, 1914–1917», Москва/Ленинград: Государственное издательство, 1927 год; и «Романовы и германское влияние во время мировой войны», Ленинград: издательство «Красная газета», 1929 год, обе книги выпущены под редакцией В.П. Семенникова. Утверждалось также, что об этой поездке говорилось в третьей книге, которая предположительно была издана в 1921 году, до заявления Андерсон. Фактически же настойчивые исследования доктора Ричарда Дэйвиса, куратора Русского архива Университета в Лидсе, Великобритания, а также работы проведенные в Марбургском университете с включением всестороннего исследования национальной библиографии Германии, показали, что в период между 1921 и 1925 годом ни одной такой книги не издавалось в Германии. Письмо доктора Ричарда Дейвиса от 11 октября 2008 года, посланное электронной почтой Дэйвиду Вернолл-Даунсу, было передано авторам настоящей книги самим получателем письма.

85. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 281.

86. Report by Eickstadt and Klenke, July 26, 1958, in Hamburg, XIII, 2302–2344.

87. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148, 294–295.

88. Maurice Delmain, study dated May 16, 1957, in Hamburg, VII, 1–7; Delmain study and comments, June 5, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 598–602; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 148.

17. «Как я скажу вам, кто я такая?»

1. «The Case of a New Anastasia,» Life, October 18, 1963, 111–112.

2. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 5, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

3. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of October 22, 1963, in authors’ collection.

4. AA to Alexei Miliukov, February 7, 1968, in Miliukov tapes.

5. Horan, 63–63; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

6. Le Figaro, September 21, 1967.

7. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 11, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

8. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

9. AA to Alexei Miliukov, November 21, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

10. AA to Alexei Miliukov, August 15, 1965, in Miliukov tapes; AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 26, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

11. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

12. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

13. AA to Alexei Miliukov, September 12, 1965, in Miliukov tapes.

14. Welch, 93–94.

15. Botkin, Anastasia, 264–265.

16. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of July 12, 1963, in authors’ collection.

17. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 13, 1964, in authors’ collection.

18. Gleb Botkin to AA, letter of June 12, 1965, in authors’ collection.

19. AA to Alexei Miliukov, April 15, 1967, in Miliukov tapes.

20. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors. The chalet is still standing in Unterlengenhardt, and it is privately occupied.

21. Horan, 160; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

22. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 17, 1966, in Miliukov tapes.

23. Information from Patte Barham to Greg King.

24. Ibid.; Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 20, 1970; Kurth, 375.

25. Charlottesville Daily Progress, January 12, 1968.

26. Ruffin, 64–66.

27. Peter Kurth to Greg King, e-mail of July 16, 2009.

28. Ruffin, 64, 67.

29. Ibid., 68.

30. Ibid.

31. Ibid., 65.

32. Kurth, 379.

33. Chavchavadze, 239.

34. Horan, 141; Chavchavadze, 239.

35. Tucker, 43.

36. Lovell, 333–334.

37. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.

38. Summers and Mangold, 198–199.

39. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978.

40. Charlottesville Daily Progress, August 30, 1978.

41. Richmond Times Dispatch, September 2, 1978; Charlottesville Daily Progress, September 2, 1978.

42. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 28, 1977.

43. In Search of. . Anastasia, Alan Landsberg Productions, syndicated for North American television, 1976.

44. Summers and Mangold, 239.

45. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.

46. She gave this version to her onetime British legal representative Michael Thornton, and to author James Blair Lovell. See Michael Thornton in London Sunday Express, «Anastasia: Mystery Remains Unsolved,» May 17, 1992; Lovell, 352–355.

47. Charlottesvile Daily Progress, October 28, 1976.

48. Ibid., August 6, 1979.

49. Ibid., August 7, 1979.

50. Ibid., August 7, 1979, and June 18, 1981.

51. Rives, 34.

52. Ruffin, 66.

53. Ibid., 69.

54. Charlottesville Weekly 6, no. 21 (October 4–10, 1994): 10.

55. Kurth, 389.

56. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 13, 1976.

57. Ruffin, 73.

58. Kurth, 453, 1984 paperback version.

59. Kurth, 453–454, 1984 paperback version; Charlottesville Daily Progress, December 3, 1983.

60. Lovell, 370.

61. Lovell, 368–370; Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.

62. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; London Daily Express, July 29, 1988.

63. Death certificate of Anastasia Nicholaievna Manahan, February 12, 1984, commonwealth of Virginia, certificate of death 203–256.

64. Charlottesville Daily Progress, February 15, 1984.

65. Private information to the authors; Lovell, 374.

66. Lovell, 374–375.

67. Prince Friedrich of Saxe-Altenburg, sworn statement of March 12, 1984, notarized by Brien Horan, chief of the Legal Section of Defense Attaché Office at the United States Embassy, Paris, France, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

18. Крушение сказки

1. Kurth, 455, 1984 paperback version.

2. Gill, Ivanov, Kimpton, Piercy, Benson, Tully, Evett, Hagelberg, and Sullivan, 130–135; P. Ivanov et al., 417–420.

3. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009.

4. Massie, 194–197.

5. Information from James Blair Lovell to Greg King; Massie, 196.

6. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors.

7. Massie, 197; Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 16, 1993.

8. London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.

9. Marina Botkin Schweitzer, Petitioner v. Martha Jefferson Hospital, Case No. 8021, Sixteenth Judicial Circuit Court of Virginia in the city of Charlottesville, September 30, 1993.

10. Charlottesville Daily Progress, November 11, 1993; Massie, 210.

11. Charlottesville Daily Progress, June 20, 1994; London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.

12. Information from Peter Kurth to the authors; Charlottesville Daily Progress, July 30, 1993; Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

13. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

14. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

15. Ibid.

16. Syd Mandelbaum to Greg King, e-mail of May 29, 2009; Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009.

17. Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009; Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

18. Ibid.

19. Kurth, 217.

20. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

21. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors; Dietmar Wulff to Greg King, e-mail of May 10, 2001; Dr. Charles Ginther to Maurice Philip Remy, letter of September 30, 1994, quoted in Ginther, e-mail to J. A. Hubert, July 6, 2005, posted on the Alexander Palace Time Machine Discussion Forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, July 9, 2005; Sunday Times of London, October 2, 1994.

22. Gill, Kimpton, Aliston-Greiner, Sullivan, Stoneking, Melton, Nott, Barritt, et al., 9–10.

19. Девушка из провинции

1. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 24–27.

2. Details of 1900 census, at http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortedetails/ort_borreck.htm; Willi Heidn, Die Ortschaften des Kreises Karthaus/Westpr., at www.westpreussen.de.

3. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

4. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

5. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 70–71, 88–89, 109–113.

6. Ibid., 70–71.

7. Registry of baptism, entry 196-A, December 24, 1896, Kreis Karthaus, Sullenschin, West Prussia, District Records Office.

8. Davies, 112; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, vii, 4.

9. The drobna szlachta or petty nobility was the lowest of three aristocratic levels in the Polish szlachta, or national nobility; the Czenstkowskis were designated as szlachta zagonowa, the fourth of eight ranks in the petty nobility, indicating that they had received land from the sovereign. Information from Massie; Brzezinski, 1:6–11; Zamoyski, 1–3; www.ka-na.org; Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap.1.

10. Manteuffel, 963–1194; Zajaczkowski, chap. 1.

11. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

12. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

13. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178. As with her husband’s surname, Marianna’s maiden name has been variously rendered in official documents as «Wilzke.»

14. Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Richard Meyer, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

15. See Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70.

16. Dawson, 86–87.

17. Details of the family’s movements found in census records of 1900, 1905, and 1910, and in birth certificate of Felix Schanzkowsky, dated February 17, 1903, Glischnitz, Kreis Stolp, register entry C-1844, District Record Office; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Anna Thrun, née Kruger, May 30, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

18. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

19. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 31–32, 49–61.

20. Davies, 189; Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinksi, 19–22, 74, 99–101; Dawson, 77.

21. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

22. Otto Meyer, statement of April 22, 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection.

23. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

24. Richard Meyer, burgomaster of Hygendorf, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

25. Charlotte Meyer to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 14, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

26. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of September 8, 1937, in Hamburg, XXIV, 65–70; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of November 10, 1937, in Hamburg., XXIV, 74–76; Valerian Schanzkowsky, statement of October 11, 1937, in Hamburg, XXV, 19–21; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 92. A 1910 census of Borowilhas and Borok recorded that of the 611 residents in the area, 527 declared Kashubian to be their primary language, while only 84 listed German as their principal tongue. See http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

27. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 351–353.

28. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

29. http://pom-wpru.kerntopf.com/ortdetails/ort_borreck.htm.

30. Lorentz, Fischer, and Lehr-Splawinski, 3–11, 187–190, 339–345; www.ka-na-org.

31. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

32. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 187; Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

33. Testimony of Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

34. Gilliard and Savitch, 38.

35. See Massie, 250.

36. Felix Schanzkowsky, statement of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289; Rathlef-Keilmann, 232–233; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

37. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

39. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

40. Richard Meyer, statement of September 1, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

41. Franziska Schanzkowski und ihr Leben, 4.

42. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

43. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

44. Herman, 267–282; also see Russell for further discussion.

45. Herman, 272–279; Courtois, 203–208; Herman, Perry, and van der Kolk, 492–494; also see Wyatt and Johnson Powell for further discussion.

46. Martha Borkowski, née Schrock, testimony of May 23, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 563–564; also see testimony of Frau Margarethe Kothe, February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

47. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

48. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

49. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 184.

50. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

51. Heinrich Trapp, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

52. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177.

53. Richard Meyer, quoted by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, in letter of July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

54. Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

55. Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

56. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

57. These rumors about incest and Marianna’s worries over Franziska came to the attention of Anna Anderson’s legal team during the Hamburg trials, according to Ian Lilburn, but were never explored or introduced into evidence. Information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

20. Работа на заводе

1. Davis, 2.

2. Dawson, 59–60; Masur, 133.

3. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary prepared by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

4. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

5. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

6. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

7. Davis, 34.

8. Ibid., 175.

9. Rosenberg, 91; Davis, 164–165, 170.

10. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Masur, 218.

11. Masur, 272.

12. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Davis, 179.

13. Blucher, 133.

14. London Sunday Times, October 2, 1994; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927.

15. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

16. Robert Crouch to Greg King, e-mail of March 10, 2000.

17. Doris Wingender in Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927; statements of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

19. Statements of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

20. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

21. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

22. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

23. See Davis, 165–166.

24. Doris Wingender, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt

25. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of January 31, 1961, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927.

26. Rathlef-Keilmann notes, June 30, 1925, in Hamburg, Bln III, loose.

27. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit, May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 342; interview with Marianna Knopf, previously Czenstkowski, byFritz Schuricht, in Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0. 294/57; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

28. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178–179.

29. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of January 31, 1961, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

30. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178–179.

31. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

32. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Franziska Schanzkowska, hospital records from Berlin-Schöneberg, submitted to Hamburg, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» compiled by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Kurth, 415, n. 93.

33. See Courtois; Herman, Perry, and van der Kolk; and Wyatt and Johnson Powell for further discussion.

34. Blucher, 136; Davis, 165.

35. Davis, 165, 180–184.

36. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

37. Ibid.

38. Information from Neu-Ruppin hospital records submitted to Hamburg tribunal, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214–247; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

39. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; information from Neuruppin hospital records submitted to Hamburg tribunal, March 13, 1958, in Hamburg, II, 214–247; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

40. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

41. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 6, 1927; Franziska Schanzkowska und ihr Leben, 4.

42. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

43. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 184; see Dr. Serge Rudnev, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2485–2488; Dr. Theodor Eitel, report of December 22, 1926, in Hamburg, VIII, 1394–1402; Dr. Hans Willige, statement of November 5, 1938, in Hamburg, XII, 1985–1994; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

44. Fritz Schuricht, testimony of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanz-kowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

45. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

46. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

47. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; information from Robert K. Massie to the authors.

48. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

49. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8 and April 16, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 19, 1965, Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

50. «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

51. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

52. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

53. Doris Wingender, interview of April 23, 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

54. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

55. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

56. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

57. Doris Wingender, interview of April 23, 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

58. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 535–546.

59. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

60. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; see also Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 535–546; Fritz Schuricht, statement of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

61. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

62. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

63. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

64. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

65. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151.

66. See, for example, Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Baroness Marie von Kleist, affidavit of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence at Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; notes of Erika von Redern, secretary to Edward Fallows, from records of Dalldorf Asylum, May 16, 1929, cited in Kurth, 7; Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2402; National Tidende, Copenhagen, January 16, 1926; Königsberg Allgemeine Zeitung 110, March 7, 1927.

67. Statements of Doris Rittman, née Wingender, and of Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

68. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

69. Blucher, 102, 162.

70. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; «Evolution of Franziska Schanzkowska to Grand Duchess Anastasia,» summary by Herr Meyer for Darmstadt, June 24, 1944, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; statement of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

71. In Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in der Beikate ZK 83, filed in Hamburg under Tchaikovsky Bln 72, 72R, 75; Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unter-lengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Meck-lenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178.

72. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 23, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

21. Мифы развенчаны

1. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 30.

2. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darm-stadt.

3. Ibid.; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Fritz Lucke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

4. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927; Luise Fielder, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

5. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 178; the Abmeldung, dated March 15, 1920, is listed as BL 73 in ZK 83 in Hamburg.

6. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

7. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

8. See, for example, Fritz Schuricht protocol of conversation with a «Commissar X,» April 29, 1927, cited in Kurth, 6, on the unproven contention that records of all hospitals and asylums in Berlin were examined.

9. See Berlin police files of Reichskrim-inalpolizeiamnt Berlin die Vorgange S 190278=Sch 8623 in Hamburg under Bln IV, 147–150.

10. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

11. Ibid.

12. See Gilliard and Savitch, 31–32.

13. See Anna (Thea) Chemntiz, née Malinovsky, letter in Berliner Nachtausgabe, March 5, 1927; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, to Kurt Pastenaci, letter of September 27, 1927, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 180–181; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, statement of June 27, 1929; in Hamburg, Bln III, loose; Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981; Emilie Barfknecht, statement of June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

14. Gilliard and Savitch, 29.

15. Emilie Barfknecht, statement of June 14, 1922, in Hamburg, XXIV, 4476–4478.

16. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 41; Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

17. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927; Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

18. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Rathlef-Keilmann, 172; Voller statement, April 29, 1927, in Hamburg, XXII, 4270; Rathlef-Keilmann, in Tägliche Rundschau, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

19. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

20. Ibid.; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 17–18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 7, 1927.

21. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Gilliard and Savitch, 177–178; in «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/738,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln 58.

22. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57.

23. See Kurth, 104.

24. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927; Fritz Lucke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

25. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

26. See Kurth, 166, 308; verdict of the Hanseatic High Court (Landesgericht), Hamburg, issued May 16, 1961, and appended to Hamburg, XXIV, loose.

27. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

28. Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

29. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2395; Dr. Lothar Nobel, report of March 1926, in Hamburg, XIII, 4417–4426.

30. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

31. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

32. Dr. Karl Bonhoeffer, report of March 18, 1926, in Hamburg, XIV, 2389–2395; Gilliard and Savitch, 110.

33. Anna (Thea) Chemnitz, née Malinovsky, testimony of December 17, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 979–981.

34. Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 114–115; Gilliard and Savitch, 82; Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of December 12, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 110; information from Robert Massie; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Marie Clara Peuthert to Gilliard, letter of January 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 29.

35. Baroness Marie von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574.

36. Nicholas von Schwabe to Gilliard, letter of November 17, 1926, in Gilliard and Savitch, 113–114; Baroness von Kleist, statement of July 5, 1929, entered into evidence in Hamburg May 20, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 569–574; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 166.

37. Gilliard to Rathlef-Keilmann, letter of December 30, 1925, in Rathlef-Keilmann, 232; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

38. Rathlef-Keilmann, 233.

39. Gilliard and Savitch, 116.

40. Rathlef-Keilmann, 233; Gilliard and Savitch, 115; «Application to the Amstgericht Court, Berlin, in the Matter of the Estate of Anastasia Nikolaievna Romanov, Case No. 461.VE.733/738,» pleading submitted by Paul Leverkuehn and Kurt Vermehren on behalf of AA, October 31, 1938, and lodged in Hamburg under Bln 58, 40.

41. Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung, October 23, 1921.

42. Statement of Baron von Kleist according to Tolstoy, August 4, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 49; Marie Clara Peuthert, letter to Princess Irene of Hesse, Princess Heinrich of Prussia, August 23, 1922, in Gilliard and Savitch, 51.

43. Gilliard and Savitch, 110.

44. Botkin, Anastasia, 82.

45. Botkin, Vospominaya, 4, 8–9; Botkin, Au Temps, 81; Tatiana Botkin to Brien Horan, in Horan, 68; Tatiana Botkin to Paul Paganuzzi, in Paganuzzi, 17; Gilliard and Savitch, 90; Gleb Botkin, affidavit of July 20, 1938, in Hamburg, Bln I, 101–112; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 160, 286–267.

22. На страницы истории

1. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513. The issue of Die Woche, dated February 2, 1927, was admitted into evidence at Hamburg, in XXXII, 6029. The clarity of the image, a central point, was raised during the Hamburg trials, as discussed in Kurth, 348–349. Kurth, though, confirms that the photograph was clearly recognizable as Fran-ziska. Information from Peter Kurth to Greg King.

2. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

3. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5346–5356; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18–19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 7, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 502–513; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of December 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXIX, 5356–5358; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547.

4. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Wilhelm Voller interview with Anna Wingender, statement of May 25, 1927, cited in Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 59–60.

5. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, testimony of November 18, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5144–5151; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Fritz Lücke, testimony of November 17, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVII, 5167; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt. The contract stipulated that Doris was to receive 1,000 marks on confirmation of her story, and 500 marks on publication.

6. Andrei Vladimirovich to Serge Botkin, letter of May 13 1927, in Ian Lilburn Collection; information from Ian Lilburn to the authors.

7. See letter from Fritz Spengruber, in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 4, 1927; Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559; Fritz Lucke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; Agnes Wasserschleben, statement of July 28, 1929, in Hamburg, VI, 1017–1024.

8. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 69.

9. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 6, 1927; Gilliard and Savitch, 175–176; Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg under der Keikate ZK 83 Tchaikovsky Bl 72, 72R, 75.

10. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

11. Fritz Lücke, testimony of July 10, 1958, in Hamburg, IV, 666–667; cable from Knopf to Berlin Police of March 26, 1927, in Hamburg under Bl 68, ZK 83, 76–77.

12. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 16, 1927.

13. See Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

14. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

15. Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354; Knopf, cable of March 26, 1927, to Berlin Police, in Hamburg under Bl 68 ZK 83, 76–77; Escaich, 123.

16. Cited in Kurth, 168.

17. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5, 1927.

18. See Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 5–16, 1927.

19. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 8, 1927.

20. See Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

21. Rathlef-Keilmann, 172.

22. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

23. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927. There are several variations of this utterance. The duke of Leuchtenberg recalled it as «Sie muss herausgehen!» (She must get out!), while Faith Lavington was told that she shouted the rather less grammatical, «Dass muss heraus!» (That must out!). See the duke’s account in Rathlef-Keilmann, 171, and the diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

24. Marianna Knopf, quoted in Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

25. Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, affidavit of February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV, 2365.

26. Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

27. Berliner Nachtausgabe, April 11, 1927.

28. Ibid.; see also Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanz-kowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

29. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

30. Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, testimony of November 19, 1965, in Hamburg, XXVIII, 5145–5147.

31. See L’Illustration, Paris, February 18, 1928.

32. Kurth, 170.

33. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174.

34. See Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353–2354.

35. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther Berenberg-Gossler, letter of July 16, 1958, quoting Heinrich Trapp, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

36. Fritz Schuricht, statement of May 21, 1959, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, doc. 74 0.294/57.

37. Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting her mother, Frau Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

38. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

39. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Nathalie of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

40. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384; diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

41. Diary of Faith Lavington, entry of February 21, 1928, in Hamburg, XXXIV, 6402–6428.

42. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

43. Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, letter of March 5, 1961, in Vorres, 239–240; Duke Dimitri of Leuchtenberg, statement of April 15, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 521–522; Duchess Catherine of Leuchtenberg, statement of March 20, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1261–1264; information from Robert K. Massie to the authors; Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 182.

44. Rathlef-Keilmann, 174; Botkin, Real Romanovs, 284.

45. Duchess Nathalia of Leuchtenberg, Baronin Meller-Zakomelski, statement of November 3, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1623–1630.

46. Wilhelm Voller, affidavit of May 10, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2380–2384.

47. Felix Schanzkowsky, affidavit of May 9, 1927, in Hamburg, XIII, 2288–2289.

48. Duke Georg of Leuchtenberg to Olga Alexandrovna, letter of August 26, 1927, in Hamburg, XIV, 2558–2559.

49. Botkin, Woman Who Rose Again, 85.

50. Ibid., 93–94, 87.

51. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

52. Klier and Mingay, 106.

53. Rathlef-Keilmann, 176.

54. Ibid.; Friedrich, 333; Wilson and Pitman, 243–244; New York Times, July 6, 1921.

55. Kriminalpolizei File 678 IV K 15/27, Case 21.J.266/28, cited in Gilliard and Savitch, 185.

56. Rathlef-Keilmann articles in Tägliche Rundschau, Berlin, October 1927, in Hamburg, XVII, 3165–3188.

57. Otto Meyer to Martin Knopf, in Martin Knopf, affidavit of February 28, 1928, in Hamburg, XIV, 2353; Richard Meyer quoted in letter of Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Dr. Gunther von Berenberg-Gossler, July 16, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Richard Meyer, statement of July 18, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Frau Margarethe Kothe, statement of February 18, 1958, quoting mother Martha Borkowski, previously Reetz, née Schrock, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt; Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, statement of May 20, 1958, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt, 74 0.294/57; affidavit of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, February 5, 1960, in Hamburg, XIV/2365; Letter of Doris Rittmann, née Wingender, to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, December 11, 1955, in Hamburg, XIV, 2366–2367; Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, statement of May 21, 1958, in Hamburg, III, 542–547; file notes by Dr. Hans Hermann Krampf concerning visit to Frau Maria Kathe Wypyrczyk, née Wingender, and Luise Fiedler, née Wingender, in Hamburg, X, 1861–1862. During the Hamburg trial Martha Schrock failed to identify Franziska from a group of photographs; more than thirty years earlier, though, when memories were presumably more vivid, she had unhesitatingly recognized photographs of the claimant as Franziska. See Kurth, 307.

58. Hessischen Polizeiamt Kriminalzentrale für Hessen-Erken-nungsdienst, Darmstadt, April 26, 1927, in Hamburg, Bln, 11–17 loose; Berlin Police files of Franziska Schanzkowska submitted from Reichskriminalpolizeiamt Berlin die Vorgange, 8623, in Hamburg, IV, 147–150; and Police von Anfang April und vom June 2, 1927, in Hamburg, under Bln, ZK 83 Tchaikovsky, 72, 72R, 75.

59. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of November 26, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXV, 6148.

60. Emma Mueller Schanzkowsky to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, letter of February 10, 1969, in Hamburg, XIV, 2340; Waltraut von Czenstkowski, affidavit of July 23, 1959, in Hamburg, X, 1863, and of January 31, 1961, in Hamburg, XIV, 2388; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

61. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 91.

62. Kurth, 282.

63. Hamburg, Summary of Evidence in Frau Anna Anderson in Unterlengenhardt v. Barbara, Herzogin Christian Ludwig zu Mecklenburg, Ludwig, Prinz von Hesse und bei Rhein, May 18, 1967, 177–178; Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanz-kowska, statement of May 23 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

64. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

66. Minutes of meeting of July 9, 1938, Hannover State Police Files, in Hamburg, Bln, II, 69–71; Hannover State Police, memorandum, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, XIV, 2335–2338; statement of Criminal Police Commissioner A. W. Paar, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, I, 71–74; letter of February 17, 1961, from Criminal Police Commissioner A. W. Paar in Hannover to Dr. Gunther von Berenberg-Gossler, in Hamburg, XXII, 4107–4111.

67. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of May 23, 1959, in Hamburg, VII, 1470–1475.

68. Minutes of meeting of July 9, 1938, Hannover State Police Files, in Hamburg, Bln II, 69–71; Hannover State Police memorandum, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, XIV, 2335–2338; statement of Criminal Police Commissioner A. W. Paar, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, I, 71–74; letter of February 17, 1961, from Criminal Police Commissioner A. W. Paar in Hannover to Dr. Gunther von Berenberg-Gossler, in Hamburg, XXII, 4107–4111.

69. Hannover State Police memorandum, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, XIV, 2335–2338; statement of Criminal Police Commissioner A. W. Paar, July 10, 1938, in Hamburg, I, 71–74.

70. Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, statement of November 26, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXV, 6148.

71. See letter of Emma Mueller Schanzkowsky to Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff, February 10, 1959, in Hamburg, XIV, 2340, and letter of Waltraut von Czenstkowski to Krampff, July 23, 1959, in Hamburg, XIV, 2388–2394.

72. See Gilliard and Savitch, 175–176; Maurice Delamin study, 1957, Hamburg, 4a-h 8, 1–7.

73. Report of Dr. Otto Reche, May 12, 1959, in Hamburg, IX, 1648–1724.

74. Bruno Grandsitzki, testimony of November 24, 1958, in Hamburg, V, 939–942.

75. Gerhard Mauz, «Eine Rettung, die Mutterchen Russland gelang?» Der Spiegel, June 3, 1967.

76. Auclères, 150.

77. See testimonies of Charlotte Janus, Margarete Binner, and Emma Bezug, October 4, 1966, in Hamburg, XXXI, 5802–5814.

78. Gerhard Mauz, «Eine Rettung, die Mutterchen Russland gelang?» Der Spiegel, June 3, 1967.

79. Verdict of the Hanseatic High Court (Landesgericht), Hamburg, May 16, 1961, appended to Hamburg, loose.

80. Dr. Hans Hermann Krampff to Gertrude Ellerik, née Schanzkowska, letter of April 11, 1959, quoted in Auclères, 146–147.

81. Margarete Ellerik to Felix Schanzkowsky, letter of May 16, 1959, quoted in Auclères, 147.

Эпилог

1. Botkin, Real Romanovs, 265.

2. Charlottesville Daily Progress, October 6, 1994.

3. Ibid., October 7, 1994.

4. See Kurth, «Anna Anderson: Notes on Franziska Schanz-kowska»; Rathlef-Keilmann, 175–176.

5. See «Kriminalistik,» Der Spiegel, February 13, 1967.

6. Summers and Mangold, 236; Kurth, 384–385.

7. Associated Press report of February 25, 1977; Quick, Germany, February 24, 1977.

8. Victoria, marchioness of Milford Haven, to Xenia Georgievna, letter of July 23, 1930, in Hamburg, XXXII, 3276.

9. See Gilliard and Savitch, 78; Lord Mountbatten to Prince Ludwig of Hesse, letter of November 12, 1957, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.

10. Thornton, 32; London Daily Express, July 29, 1988.

11. Kurth, 387.

12. See In Search of Anastasia.

13. See «Kriminalistik,» Der Spiegel, February 13, 1967; see, for example, Popular Science, March 1951, 45; Dr. Andre Moenssens, professor emeritus, University of Richmond, University of Missouri at Kansas City, e-mail of January 8, 2010, to Greg King.

14. Dr. Andre Moenssens, professor emeritus, University of Richmond, University of Missouri at Kansas City, e-mail of January 8, 2010, to Greg King.

15. The Mystery of Anastasia, produced by Julian Nott for Peninsula Films, aired on Channel 4, U.K., October 5, 1994.

16. Dr. Andre Moenssens, at http://www.forensic-evidence.com/site/ID/ID00004_4.html; Dr. Andre Moenssens, professor emeritus, University of Richmond, University of Missouri at Kansas City, e-mail of January 8, 2010, to Greg King.

17. Dr. Geoffrey Oxlee, Dr. Peter French, and David Ellen in The Mystery of Anastasia, produced by Julian Nott for Peninsula Films, aired on Channel 4, U.K., October 5, 1994.

18. Alexander Palace Time Machine discussion forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, post by J. A. Hubert, July 9, 2005, quoting e-mail from Ginther of July 6, 2005; e-mail from Dietmar Wulff to Greg King, May 10, 2001; Dr. Stefan Sandkuhler to Greg King, May 22, 2000.

19. Information from Maurice Philip Remy to the authors.

20. Letter from Ginther to Remy, September 30, 1994, quoted in Ginther, e-mail to J. A. Hubert, July 6, 2005, on Alexander Palace Time Machine discussion forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, July 9, 2005; Sunday Times, London, October 2, 1994.

21. Dr. Stefan Sandkuhler to Greg King, May 22, 2000; Massie, 234; Ginther, e-mail to J. A. Hubert, July 6, 2005, on Alexander Palace Time Machine discussion forum, at www.alexanderpalace.org, July 9, 2005.

22. See Kurth, «Anna Anderson: Notes on Franziska Schanzkowska.»

23. Charlottesville Daily Progress, June 20, 1994; London Daily Mail, June 24, 1994.

24. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

25. Dr. Andre Moenssens, professor emeritus, University of Richmond, University of Missouri at Kansas City, e-mail of January 8, 2010, to Greg King.

26. Dr. Terry Melton to Greg King, e-mail of June 1, 2009.

27. Massie, 245.

28. Susan Grindstaff Burkhart to Greg King, e-mail of June 14, 2009.

29. «Analysis of Hair from Anna Anderson,» by Dr. Michael Coble, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Dr. Daniele Podini, George Washington University, September 9, 2010; reports compiled for the authors; Dr. Michael to Greg King, e-mails of September 3, 6, 9, 17, and 18, 2010.

30. Яков Юровский, «Мемуары», 1922 год в АПРФ, Ф.3. Оп. 58, Д. 280.

31. Юровский, записи 1920 года в ГАРФ, Ф.601. Оп. 2, Д. 35; «Мемуары», 1922 год, в АПРФ, Ф.3, Оп. 58, Д. 280; отчет Александра Стрекотина, 1934 год, в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 849.

32. Юровский, записи 1920 года в ГАРФ, Ф. 601. Op. 2, D. 35; «Мемуары», 1922 год, в АПРФ, Ф.3, Оп. 58, Д. 280; Юровский, записи по беседе, проведенной 1 февраля 1934 года, в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 151; отчет Александра Стрекотина, 1934 год, в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 849; Виктор Нетребин, «Воспоминания об уничтожении семьи императора», в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 149.

33. Отчет Александра Стрекотина, 1934 год, в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 849.

34. Юровский, записи 1920 года в ГАРФ, Ф.601. Оп. 2, Д. 35; «Мемуары», 1922 год, в АПРФ, Ф.3, Оп. 58, Д. 280; Юровский, записи по беседе, проведенной 1 февраля 1934 года, в ЦДООСО, Ф.41, Оп. 1, Д. 151

35. «Remains Of Czar Heir May Have Been Found,» Associated Press report, August 23, 2007; Yuri Zarakhovich, «Playing Politics with the Romanovs,» Times, London, August 28, 2007; RIA Novosti report, August 24, 2007. The number of bones found was variously reported as forty-four or forty-eight: Dr. Michael Coble, who helped identify the remains, confirms that the latter number is correct, and confusion mayhave arisen as several small samples were grouped together under single designations. Dr. Michael Coble to Greg King, e-mail of August 16, 2010.

36. Dr. Michael Coble to Greg King, e-mail of August 16, 2010.

37. Coble, M. D., O. M. Loreille, M. J. Wadhams, S. M. Edson, K. Maynard, et al., at www.plosone.org/article/info%-3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0004838; Dr. Michael Coble to Greg King, e-mail of August 17, 2010.

38. AA to Alexei Miliukov, June 7, 1967, in Miliukov tapes.

39. Martin Knopf, «Report on Franziska Schanzkowska,» 1927, in Staatsarchiv, Darmstadt.